Delacorte/Knopf Press.

Delacorte/Knopf Press. Delacorte/Knopf Press 1745 Broadway, New York New York, state, United StatesNew York,Middle Atlantic state of the United States. It is bordered by Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and the Atlantic Ocean (E), New Jersey and Pennsylvania (S), Lakes Erie and Ontario and the Canadian province of NY 10019 www.randomhouse.com/kids Peter Bailey provides the warm black and white embellishments toAllan Ahlberg's The Improbable Cat (0385731868 $9.95), a departurefrom his strictly picture-book format and venture into the world ofolder readers. Kids ages 8-11 will find this a fun story of David'snew stray Stray(1) Not a member of the participating party in the trade at hand; (2) not a meaningful indication of a customer's desire to take a sizable position or be involved in a stock. kitten kittennewborn or young cat or ferret.kitten mortality complexa general term applied to a syndrome involving death of young kittens, particularly in breeding establishments. , which turns out to be a unique cat. A first-personstory keeps readers turning pages and guessing. Barbara Park'sJunie B. First Grader: Boo? And I Mean It! (0375828060, $11.95) receivesDenise Brunkus' fun drawings and another Junie B. series to appealto kids ages 6-9. Here Junie looks forward to dressing up as somethingscary for Halloween--she chooses a clown clown,a comic character usually distinguished by garish makeup and costume whose antics are both humorously clumsy and acrobatic. The clown employs a broad, physical style of humor that is wordless or not as self-consciously verbal as the traditional fool or jester. , but her mother's sewingproduces something a little less than fright. A holiday dilemma evolves.Wendelin Van Draanen's Shredderman 2; Attack Of The Tagger tag��ger?n.1. One that tags, especially the pursuer in the game of tag.2. taggers Very thin sheet iron, usually plated with tin.Noun 1. (0375823522, $12.95) returns the secret cyber-superhero to a new study,with Brian Biggs adding the black and white cartoon embellishments to astory of a kid who wants to fight crime and unfairness. Attack Of TheTagger is the second in a projected quartet, this showing how nerdyNolan triumphs again in his latest mission--to catch a tagger in the actand post his crime on the web.

Delacorte/Knopf/Random House.

Delacorte/Knopf/Random House. Delacorte/Knopf/Random House 1745 Broadway, New York NY 10019 www.randomhouse.com/kids Thatcher Heldring's ROY MORRELLI STEPS UP TO THE PLATE(9780385733915, $15.99) tells of an eighth grader who can't waitfor baseball season to start so he can take his place as a shortstop forthe all-star team. But when his parents find out he's failinghistory, they make him quit. Stuck on a losing team in a smaller leagueand spending time with a tutor, Roy finds his attitude needs adjustmentin this story of a sports-loving boy who sees no need for school. SwatiAvasthi's SPLIT (9780375863400, $16.99) tells of a teen who arrivesat his estranged brother's doorstep destitute and with a secret. Hetries to make a new home for himself--but his mother is still trappedwith his father and he finds he can't walk away from his past. Afine story evolves. Carrie Ryan's THE DEAD-TOSSED WAVES(9780385736848, $17.99) tells of Gabry, who lives a quiet life in hertown next to the sea, behind the Barrier. But she can't ignore hermother's secrets and when a boy she's known all her lifereveals a dangerous mystery, Gabry finds her life changed in this movingfantasy of a future world. Erica S. Perl's VINTAGE VERONICA(9780375859236, $16.99) tells of a vintage clothing place andfashion-minded Veronica Wash, who is fat and has no friends. Her summerjob at the clothing store will change her life in more ways than one inthis fine story. Andy Behrens' THE FAST AND THE FURRIEST(9780375859229, $15.99) tells of pre-teen Kevin, who hates sports, asdoes his dog--until the dog sees a dog agility competition on TV. NowCromwell is beginning to mimic the TV show--and Kevin is being draggedto obstacle courses and even becomes involved on a mission to help hisdog achieve its dreams! A fun story evolves.

Delacorte/Knopf.

Delacorte/Knopf. Delacorte/Knopf 1745 Broadway, New York, NY 10019 www.randomhouse.com/kids Matthew Skelton's THE STORY OF CIRRUS FLUX (9780385733816,$17.99) is set in 1783 London, where orphan Cirrus Flux is being watchedby villains who believe he's inherited a divine power. His journeythrough city back streets involves encounters with sinister charactersin this story of power, survival and a showdown for world power. VarianJohnson's SAVING MADDIE (9780385738040, $16.99) tells of Joshua, apreacher's son who chooses abstinence and religious retreats overwild partying. When Maddie returns to town to find the communitycondemns her for her dress and rumors about her past, Joshua discoversnew meaning in his life--and much controversy. AmeliaAtwater-Rhodes' TOKEN OF DARKNESS (9780385737500, $16.99) tells ofCooper, who wakes from a car accident with his football career in ruinsand a mysterious girl by his side - a girl who's a ghost. Nobodyunderstands his dilemma - and the secrets that are being kept. Achilling mystery evolves. Josh Berk's THE DARK DAYS OF HAMBURGERHALPIN (9780375856990, $16.99) tells of a gloomy class field trip in acoal mine, murder, and the troubles of a deaf student who is the new boyin school. Add a mystery and intrigue to the mix and you have anoutstanding story. Polly Horvath's NORTHWARD TO THE MOON(9780375861109, $17.99) tells of Jane's stepfather Ned, who isfired from his job as a French teacher and who thrills Jane with storiesof adventures on the road. She's ready for her whole family to hitthe road - and their choice will lead them to many adventures withrelatives and strangers alike. Paul Stewart and Chris Riddell'sBARNABY GRIMES: LEGION OF THE DEAD (9780385751315, $16.99) tells ofcorpses, a delivery boy who runs all over the city, and another BarnabyGrimes mystery revolving around zombies from the dead. Fast action andintrigue abound.

Delivering knowledge for practice: a World Wide Web-based example. (Technotes).

Delivering knowledge for practice: a World Wide Web-based example. (Technotes). TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH seeks to reduce the gap between research andpractice by improving the conversion of advances in knowledge intoadvances in client care (Hudgins & Allen-Meares, 2000; NationalInstitute of Mental Health, 2000). Overall advances in client care willbe diminished or enhanced by the processes that are used to deliverknowledge to practitioners. This column will describe a World WideWeb-based process that has been designed to improve social work practiceby locating knowledge for practice and making it more accessible topractitioners. The Internet is increasingly being incorporated into our daily life(Korgen, Odell, & Schumacher, 2001; National Telecommunications andInformation Administration, 2000). For instance, according to according toprep.1. As stated or indicated by; on the authority of: according to historians.2. In keeping with: according to instructions.3. theNational Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA NTIA National Telecommunications & Information AdministrationNTIA National Telecommunications & Information AssociationNTIA National Telecommunications InteragencyNTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration ), inthe United States United States,officially United States of America, republic (2005 est. pop. 295,734,000), 3,539,227 sq mi (9,166,598 sq km), North America. The United States is the world's third largest country in population and the fourth largest country in area. : * The share of households with Internet access See how to access the Internet. soared by 58%,rising from 26.2% in December 1998 to 41.5% in August 2000. * The share of individuals using the Internet rose by a third, from32.7% in December 1998 to 44.4% in August 2000. If growth continues atthat rate, more than half [italics added] of all Americans will be usingthe Internet by the middle of 2001 (NTIA, 2000, p. xv). Internet use among social workers appears to be rising as well.Barnett-Queen (2001) randomly sampled licensed social workers in NewMexico New Mexico,state in the SW United States. At its northwestern corner are the so-called Four Corners, where Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah meet at right angles; New Mexico is also bordered by Oklahoma (NE), Texas (E, S), and Mexico (S). (n =403). He reported that 87% of those sampled had access to theInternet and that 71% had used it during the previous year. Among thosewho had used the Internet during the previous year, Barnett-Queen foundthat 65% had used the Internet one or more times per month to seekresources for client services; 64% had used the Internet one or moretimes per month to do research (research was not defined in the survey);and 61% had used a search engine one or more times per month. Some writers have focused on the promise of the World Wide Web forsocial work educators (e.g., Vernon, 2001) and practitioners (e.g., Finn& Holden, 2000; Holden & Finn, 2000; Holden, Rosenberg, &Meenaghan, 2000). Others have focused on the negative impact oftechnology on the profession (e.g., Kreuger & Stretch, 2000). Themost promising role that I see for the Web is as a knowledge storage anddelivery system, despite the fact that it currently remains chaotic,rapidly expanding, and less than optimally edited. This situation requires multiple problem-solving efforts. Onepotential solution is the development and maintenance of some type ofvirtual social work library (e.g., Lohmann, n. d.; Patterson, 1996).Efforts such as PubMed Central PubMed Central is a free digital database of full-text scientific literature in biomedical and life sciences. It can be reached at [1].It grew from the online Entrez PubMed biomedical literature search system. PubMed Central was developed by the U.S. , the National Center for BiotechnologyInformation's digital archive of life sciences journals (Varmus,Lipman, & Brown, 1999) and the Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) (previously known at various times as Site Y, Los Alamos Laboratory, and Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory) is a United States Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratory, managed and operated by Los Alamos National e-print server for physics, mathematics, nonlinear A system in which the output is not a uniform relationship to the input. nonlinear - (Scientific computation) A property of a system whose output is not proportional to its input. sciences, andcomputer sciences (McKierman, 2000) can serve as potential models. World Wide Web Resources for Social Workers The World Wide Web Resources for Social Workers site (WWWRSW WWWRSW World Wide Web Resources for Social Workers ) hasbeen developed over the past eight years by myself and others(www.nyu.edu / socialwork / wwwrsw). WWWRSW does not rise to the levelof a virtual library. For instance, we do not yet have librarians on ourteam, we provide limited reference and user advisory services advisory servicesadvisory services provided to the public, in their capacity as owners and managers of animals, are an important part of veterinary science. They may be provided by government bureaux, by commercial companies who deal in pharmaceuticals or animals or animal , and ourcataloging is simple. The goals we established for WWWRSW were to: * provide links to a comprehensive range of social service-relevantknowledge * provide links to high quality sources * allow keyword searching and browsing of entries in the WWWRSWdatabase * provide a well-maintained, reliably operating site * be responsive to user input The WWWRSW team strives to keep in mind the range of professionalactivities that social workers throughout the world engage in and therange of problems that these professionals and their clients experience.The attempt to achieve this breadth of coverage is a worthy butpotentially overly ambitious goal. We focus on high quality resources,although this is an elusive goal. We are restricted by what is publiclyavailable on the Web and our ability to find it. Much of what is on theWeb is not peer reviewed nor is it subjected to other editorial control.We make an initial determination regarding quality that is based inlarge part on the source (cf. Health Summit Working Group, 1998). Forexample, we are more inclined to link to something at the NationalInstitutes of Health than to a commercial site, and more inclined tolink to an educational institution's site than anindividual's. Beginning in the fall of 2001 we enlisted en��list��ed?adj.Of, relating to, or being a member of a military rank below a commissioned officer or warrant officer.enlistedAdjective theknowledge and skills of a set of editors: Jeane Anastas, KathleenBarker, David Biegel, Jerry Finn, Alun Jackson, Warner Johnston, ScottMigdole, Robert Schilling, William Spitzer, and Mark Watson For other persons named Mark Watson, see Mark Watson (disambiguation).Mark Watson (born September 8, 1970 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a professional soccer player who has earned the second most caps in the history of the Canadian national team. . They havejoined the Editorial Advisory Board, which includes Suzanne England,Thomas Meenaghan, and Gary Rosenberg. We hope that this group of editorswill provide peer review that improves the quality of the materials onthe site. These editors will review WWWRSW content in their area ofexpertise and make recommendations regarding content that should bedeleted or added, guided by the criteria developed by the Health SummitWorking Group (1998) to assess the quality of information on theInternet. Of course, positive outcomes require both editorial control bythe site owner and critical thinking by the user (cf., Lynch, Vernon,& Smith, 2001). A primary focus of WWWRSW is to provide direct access to full-textmaterials in the grey literature. This term refers to literature"produced at all levels of government bodies, academics, business,and industry in print and electronic formats, but which is notcontrolled by commercial publishers" (Luzi, 2000, p. 112). There isa wealth of high quality, social work-relevant knowledge contained inthese full-text materials, ranging from the scientific and technical, tothe more political (e.g., Malina & Nutt, 2000). Complementing thisgrey literature content, WWWRSW provides links to 1,873 journals andprofessional newsletters, 90 of which are links to journals ornewsletters with full-text articles online. The third goal for WWWRSW is to ensure that users have multipleways to access the information in its database. In addition to browsingthe hierarchical categories, WWWRSW users may now perform tailoredsearching at the top level of the site or use an advanced searchcapability that allows the use of Boolean operators (e.g., and, or,not). In addition, searches can be tailored to be narrow (searching linktitles or category titles) or broad (searching both link and categorytitles simultaneously). Browsing and searching are enhanced by"deep linking" (linking to URLs below the top level of asite). For instance, we have links to individual article titles foreight years of BMJ BMJn abbr (= British Medical Journal) → vom BMA herausgegebene Zeitschrift . A social worker can submit a search on WWWRSW for anexact phrase like "qualitative research Qualitative researchTraditional analysis of firm-specific prospects for future earnings. It may be based on data collected by the analysts, there is no formal quantitative framework used to generate projections. " or "focusgroups," and although they might not have thought to browse the BMJsection, such a search will return links to BMJ articles on thesetopics. The volatility of the Web means that site maintenance is atime-consuming activity. Maintenance of the site is both manual (Iemploy up to four part-time research assistants in addition to doingmaintenance myself throughout the year) and electronic (LinkbotDeveloper Edition 6.0, Tetranet Software Inc., 2001). New links areadded one at a time. Deletions and updates are aided by software, butstill executed manually. When the American Medical Association (AMA)restricted access to their online journals to AMA members and fee-payingcustomers, we had to remove over 2,400 links from WWWRSW in one day. Finally, in terms of responsiveness to user input, I am generallyavailable via email and I get a substantial amount of feedback, which iswelcomed. We do our best to incorporate that feedback, though somesuggestions are impractical im��prac��ti��cal?adj.1. Unwise to implement or maintain in practice: Refloating the sunken ship proved impractical because of the great expense.2. or off-mission. Primary support for WWWRSW is provided by New York New York, state, United StatesNew York,Middle Atlantic state of the United States. It is bordered by Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and the Atlantic Ocean (E), New Jersey and Pennsylvania (S), Lakes Erie and Ontario and the Canadian province of University's (NYU) Ehrenkranz School of Social Work, the Divisionof Social Work and Behavioral Science behavioral sciencen.A scientific discipline, such as sociology, anthropology, or psychology, in which the actions and reactions of humans and animals are studied through observational and experimental methods. in the Mount Sinai School ofMedicine This page is about a medical school in New York. For other uses, please see: Mount Sinai (disambiguation)Mount Sinai School of Medicine is a medical school found in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. , and federal work study funding. Additional support is providedby NYU's Office of Electronic Publications. A key developmentalphase of the project was generously sponsored by Dr. Helen Rehr and anever-changing cast of volunteers have made important contributions(total sweat equity Sweat EquityThe equity that is created in a company or some other asset as a direct result of hard work by the owner(s).Notes:For example, rebuilding the engine on your 1968 Mustang to increase its value. for the team is estimated to be over $200,000). Site Utility This is a problem area with which we are still grappling. Does itmake sense to compare WWWRSW with a source like Social Work Abstracts(SWA)? The "over 37,000" (National Association of SocialWorkers, 2001) entries in SWA have typically been the subject of greatereditorial control and their existence is more stable. The paper versionis published quarterly and the electronic version is updatedsemiannually. SWA offers more search options than WWWRSW. SWA is notfree. The subscription for the CD-ROM version (Social Work AbstractsPlus which includes the Register of Clinical Social Workers) iscurrently $1,205 per year. Aside from the Register, the entries consistof citations and abstracts of scholarly literature (articles ordissertations). The 57,000 entries in WWWRSW are links to publiclyavailable, Web-based materials that have been subjected to varyingdegrees of editorial control and are less stable than the SWA content.WWWRSW is updated daily, it is free, and it provides links to a widerrange of materials than SWA, many of which are full text. Social workers need to assess the utility of the sources they useon a regular basis. Old knowledge sources change, new knowledge sourcesappear and the methods of interacting with all of these sources change.If the user does not keep up with the changes in how a source is used,the utility of the source will likely decline. Database currency and cost are important factors. For instance theWWWRSW team added a new category during September of 2001--9/11/01--thatis designed to assist New York City New York City:see New York, city. New York CityCity (pop., 2000: 8,008,278), southeastern New York, at the mouth of the Hudson River. The largest city in the U.S. social service workers in respondingto recent events. I think it is time that we consider ideas such asHarnad's (2001) proposed system of university-based e-print serversfor the peer-reviewed literature. This could potentially reduce costsand offer greater academic control of the knowledge production anddistribution process. One future task for sites like WWWRSW will be tointegrate content from such e-print servers. Further, if recent reportsof a massive "invisible web See deep Web. " prove to be accurate, the WWWRSWteam will need to design coverage strategies for it (Bergman, 2000). Asnoted by Sherman and Price (2001), the invisible web contains those: [t]ext pages, files, or other often high-quality authoritative information available via the World Wide Web that general-purpose search engines cannot, due to technical limitations, or will not, due to deliberate choice, add to their indices of Web pages. Sometimes also referred to as the "Deep Web" or "dark matter." (p. 57) Another aspect of a website's utility that we all experienceis the percentage of dead links. Notess (2000) reported an averageproportion of dead links of 5% for eight search engines. WWWRSW isconsistently maintained at 3%. Figure 1 describes traffic on WWWRSW (which is part of NYU Web)since January 28, 2001. This information was recorded using Wusage 7.1software (Boutell.Com, Inc., 2001). The three peaks represent increasestemporally associated with large mass emailings about the site tovarious groups of potential users. Use between February 4, 2001, andOctober 20, 2001, averaged 473 visits per day. NYU Web has over 120,000Web pages. During the same time period WWWRSW was the 10th most frequententry point into NYU Web (mean rank: 9.95, where 1=the most frequententry point). [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] Is WWWRSW useful for social service workers? Unsolicited un��so��lic��it��ed?adj.Not looked for or requested; unsought: an unsolicited manuscript; unsolicited opinions.unsolicitedAdjective feedbackthat is overwhelmingly positive, low percentages of dead links, and thelevels of use shown in Figure 1 provide some preliminary evidence thatwe may able to answer this question affirmatively af��fir��ma��tive?adj.1. Asserting that something is true or correct, as with the answer "yes": an affirmative reply.2. . Yet, this will remaina weakly supported assertion until we are able to complete additionalresearch on the processes and outcomes associated with WWWRSW. Fordevelopment purposes, it would be useful to understand how and whensocial workers typically decide to use WWWRSW versus other sources; howthey use it; the percentage of time they find useful information;whether they use that information in their practice; and whether theythink that information had an impact on client outcomes. Conclusion WWWRSW is designed to support social work education and practice.It is free, constantly available from anywhere in the world, andconstantly evolving. Whether or not the use of such a website will havea "positive cascading effect on social work education and servicesprovided to clients" (Gambrill, 2000, p. 394), remains a questionto be answered empirically. References Barnett-Queen, T. (2001). Attitudes and opinions regarding the useof the Internet for continuing education continuing education:see adult education. continuing educationor adult educationAny form of learning provided for adults. In the U.S. the University of Wisconsin was the first academic institution to offer such programs (1904). among social workers. Journalof Technology in Human Services, 18, 145-169. Bergman, M. K. (2000). The deep Web: Surfacing hidden value.Retrieved October 25, 2001, from http://128.121.227.57/download/deepwebwhitepaper.pdf Boutell.Com, Inc. (2001). Wusage 7.1. Retrieved October 4, 2001,from http://www. boutell.com. Finn, J., & Holden, G. (2000). Introduction. Journal ofTechnology in Human Services, 17, 1-5. Gambrill, E. (2000). Honest brokering of knowledge and ignorance.Journal of Social Work Education, 36, 387-397. Harnad, S. (2001). For whom the gate tolls? How and why to free therefereed research literature online through author/institutionself-archiving, now. Retrieved September 30, 2001, fromhttp://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/ ~harnad/Tp/resolution.htm Health Summit Working Group. (1998). Criteria for assessing thequality of health information on the Internet--policy paper. RetrievedOctober 4, 2001, from http://hitiweb. mitretek.org/docs/policy.html Holden, G., & Finn, J. (2000). Conclusion. Journal ofTechnology in Human Services, 17, 295-297. Holden, G., Rosenberg, G., & Meenaghan, T. (2000). Informationfor social work practice: Observations regarding the role of the WorldWide Web. Social Work in Health Care, 32, 1-8. Hudgins, C. A., & Allen-Meares, P. (2000). Translationalresearch: A new solution to an old problem. Journal of Social WorkEducation, 36, 103-114. Korgen, K., Odell, P., & Schumacher, P. (2001). Internet useamong college students: Are there differences by race/ethnicity?Electronic Journal of Sociology, 5, 3. Retrieved October 4, 2001, fromhttp://www.sociology .org/content/vo1005.003/korgen.html Kreuger, L. W., & Stretch, J. J. (2000). How hypermoderntechnology in social work education bites back. Journal of Social WorkEducation, 36, 103-114. Lohmann, R. (n. d.). The social work docuverse: A challenge for thetwenty-first century. Tulane Studies in Social Welfare, 20. RetrievedOctober 4, 2001, from http://www.tulane. edu/~tssw/Journal/docuverse.htm Luzi, D. (2000). Trends and evolution in the development of greyliterature: A review. International Journal on Grey Literature, 1,106-116. Lynch, D., Vernon, R. F., & Smith, M. (2001). Critical thinkingand the Web. Journal of Social Work Education, 37, 381-386. Malina, D., & Nutt, D. (2000). Grey literature is a feministissue: Women's knowledge and the Net. International Journal on GreyLiterature, 1, 18-27. McKierman, G. (2000). arXiv.org: The Los Alamos National Laboratorye-print server. International Journal on Grey Literature, 1,127-138. National Association of Social Workers. (2001). Social workabstracts. Retrieved October 25, 2001, from http://www.naswpress.org/publications/journals/abstracts/ swabintro.html. National Institute of Mental Health (2000). Priority areas forbehavioral translational research. Retrieved October 25, 2001, fromhttp:// www.nimh.nih.gov/tbsia/priority.cfm National Telecommunications and Information Administration. (2000).Falling through the net: Toward digital inclusion. Retrieved October 5,2001, from http://www.ntia.doc. gov/ntiahome/digitaldivide. Notess, G. R. (2000). Search engine statistics: Dead links report.Retrieved October 4, 2001, from http://www.notess.com/search/stats/dead.shtml Patterson, D. A. (1996). An electronic social work knowledge base:A strategy for global information sharing See data conferencing. . International Social Work,39, 149-161. Sherman, C., & Price, G. (2001). The invisible Web: Uncoveringinformation sources search engines can't see. Medford, NJ:Information Today. Tetranet Software Incorporated (2001). Linkbot Developer Edition6.0. Retrieved October 4, 2001 from http://www.watchfire.com Varmus, H., Lipman, D., & Brown, P. (1999). PubMed Central: AnNIH-operated site for electronic distribution of life sciences researchreports. Retrieved October 4, 2001 fromhttp://www.nih.gov/welcome/director/pubmedcentral/pubmedcentral.htm. Vernon, R. F. (2001). Back to the future. Journal of Social WorkEducation, 37, 571-573. Gary Holden is professor, Ehrenkranz School of Social Work, NewYork University New York University,mainly in New York City; coeducational; chartered 1831, opened 1832 as the Univ. of the City of New York, renamed 1896. It comprises 13 schools and colleges, maintaining 4 main centers (including the Medical Center) in the city, as well as the , New York, NY. Address correspondence to Gary Holden, Ehrenkranz School of SocialWork, New York University, 1 Washington Square North, New York, NY10003-6654; email, gary.holden@nyu.edu.

Delivery of everyday life information: opportunities and challenges for the library and information profession in Australia.

Delivery of everyday life information: opportunities and challenges for the library and information profession in Australia. Men are over-reported in the statistics for premature death Premature Death occurs when a living thing dies of a cause other than old age. A premature death can be the result of injury, illness, violence, suicide, poor nutrition (often stemming from low income), starvation, dehydration, or other factors. inAustralia for all major causes of ill health and accident. While generalhealth is poor, male suicide is also a significant public health issue.Notwithstanding these concerns research shows that men are reluctant toengage in information seeking Information seeking is the process or activity of attempting to obtain information in both human and technological contexts. Information seeking is related to, but yet different from, information retrieval (IR). to enhance their health and wellbeing.This paper reports on aspects of a small pilot study that investigatedthe information behaviour of a group of Australian men who had faced asignificant stressful life event. The paper provides background to someof the theoretical concerns evident within the scholarship of humaninformation behaviour as it relates to the world of the everyday,particularly for hard-to-reach groups. It also discusses the strengthsand weaknesses of current information delivery and support to Australianmen across the lifespan. As a result of the findings from the study, thepotential opportunities for Australian library and informationprofessionals to have a broader presence in the development and deliveryof everyday life information products are discussed. Introduction This paper reports a small pilot study that examined theinformation behaviour of a group of Australian men (n=15) who hadexperienced a stressful life event for which they needed help andsupport. A secondary component of this study consulted with these menand a group of professionals (n=6) who provide help and support to menregarding strategies to engage more readily with information in order toimprove their health and wellbeing. The paper reports findings from thisstudy and provides background to some of the theoretical concernsevident within the scholarship of human information behaviour as itrelates to the world of the everyday, particularly for hard-to-reachgroups. It also discusses the strengths and weaknesses of currentinformation delivery and support to Australian men across the lifespan.As a result of the findings from the study, the potential opportunitiesfor Australian library and information professionals to have a broaderpresence in the development and delivery of everyday life informationproducts are discussed. The author has had extensive experience in the delivery ofinformation in non-Library settings and in the development of programmesto support the work of staff who work in agencies which undertake thiswork. The research was undertaken to highlight the potential of libraryand information professionals in Australia to offer greater support tothe work of these agencies, and to assist with the development ofinformation resources (1) The data and information assets of an organization, department or unit. See data administration.(2) Another name for the Information Systems (IS) or Information Technology (IT) department. See IT. for dissemination disseminationMedtalk The spread of a pernicious process–eg, CA, acute infection Oncology Metastasis, see there in non-library settings moregenerally. The research was conducted as a result of two major concerns: 1. that the everyday information needs of hard-to-reach groups areneglected in the current information environment; and 2. that library and information professionals have much to offerthe effective dissemination of everyday life information in non-librarysettings. While there are numerous groups in Australia who would benefit fromresearch into their information needs in the world of the everyday, thisstudy focuses on Australian men due to their statistically measurableneed. Men die in Australia, on average, six years younger than women.Compared with women, men in most age groups have higher mortality ratesfor stroke, diabetes, cancers, ischaemic heart disease Ischaemic (or ischemic) heart disease, or myocardial ischemia, is a disease characterized by reduced blood supply to the heart. It is the most common cause of death in most western countries.Ischaemia means a "reduced blood supply". , bronchitis bronchitis(brŏnkī`tĭs), inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes. It can be caused by viral or bacterial infections or by allergic reactions to irritants such as tobacco smoke. ,emphysema emphysema(ĕmfĭsē`mə), pathological or physiological enlargement or overdistention of the air sacs of the lungs. A major cause of pulmonary insufficiency in chronic cigarette smokers, emphysema is a progressive disease that commonly , injury, poisoning, accidents and drug dependence (AustralianBureau of Statistics 2008; Verrinder and Denner 2000). Studies both inAustralia and overseas have shown that men in countries with a dominantAnglo culture are also more likely than women to have unhealthylifestyles, drink too much, smoke too much, eat a less healthy diet andengage in risk taking and/or aggressive activities which affect theirhealth outcomes (Connell 1999; Griffiths 1996). While the statistics for general health outcomes for men are poor,statistics for suicide for Australian men, compared to women, are alsoof considerable concern. The suicide rate in Australia in 2005 for malesstandardised over all age groups was 16.4 per 100,000 while thecorresponding rate for females was 4.3 per 100,000. Throughout theperiod 1995 to 2005 the male age standardised suicide death rate wasapproximately four times higher than the corresponding female rate(Australian Bureau of Statistics 2008). Research also shows that, notwithstanding their poor physical andmental heath outcomes, men face particular barriers in accessinginformation and support during stressful life events, and across thelifespan more generally (Ginman 2003; Good, Borst and Wallace 1994; Jorm1996). This paper reports research that examined the informationbehaviour of a group of men who had experienced a stressful life event.It also canvassed the views of a group of professionals offeringinformation and support to men to determine some of the issues relatedto the information seeking of Australian men. The research examined waysthat the skills and knowledge base of library and informationprofessionals can more readily provide input into the development anddistribution of everyday life information. Provision of everyday life information Information seeking and use in everyday life can, largely, bebroken into two complementary processes: 1. The development of information products and information deliverystrategies by the agency which has a need to inform; and 2. The uptake uptake/up��take/ (up��tak) absorption and incorporation of a substance by living tissue. up��taken. and subsequent use of information products by thecommunity in order to become informed. Each of these complementary processes has embedded Inserted into. See embedded system. within it amyriad, and perhaps limitless, number of information behaviour tasks. It is clear that as a community we have developed an everincreasing sophistication so��phis��ti��cate?v. so��phis��ti��cat��ed, so��phis��ti��cat��ing, so��phis��ti��catesv.tr.1. To cause to become less natural, especially to make less naive and more worldly.2. in the development and delivery of informationproducts, in part as response to the development and wide scale adoptionof information communication technologies (ICTs), particularly theInternet and desk top publishing. Conversely con��verse?1?intr.v. con��versed, con��vers��ing, con��vers��es1. To engage in a spoken exchange of thoughts, ideas, or feelings; talk. See Synonyms at speak.2. there appears very littleunderstanding of what people actually do with this ever increasinginformation load when they receive it. It is the ultimate goal of thisresearch to support and reinforce the premise that 'information andknowledge have impact only to the extent that they result inaction' (Chatman 2000, 9). While a key performance indicator may be'provide information to the public' whether the public becomeinformed by this information provision is an entirely different matter. Information providers need to be aware of how various groups in thecommunity seek and use information, in order to ensure informationdelivery is effective, particularly within diverse communities. It isthe effective use of information which will increase knowledge andassist citizens to embrace civic pluralism pluralism,in philosophy, theory that considers the universe explicable in terms of many principles or composed of many ultimate substances. It describes no particular system and may be embodied in such opposed philosophical concepts as materialism and idealism. and enhanced wellbeing. Inorder to support this endeavour information professionals need todevelop skills which will allow for greater understanding of the'social world' of their communities (Chatman 1991, 2000;Chatman and Pendleton 1998) and the processes for information transferwhich operate within them. This is especially so where the informationis of a complex nature and citizens are under stress, or duress duress(dy`rĭs, d`–, d . When considering information seeking for everyday use, what isuniversal is the need to gather information which is relevant to oursituation and provides some capacity for 'sense-making'(Dervin 1983/2000, 1992, 1998) of the world in which we find ourselves.When seeking information it must be provided in language, style andformat which will add meaning to our existing social and culturalperspective. Very few people have the capacity to store informationwhich is not needed and 'an item can only be, or become, relevantby being added to an individual's stock of knowledge or informationand by relating it to an individual concern or value' (Wilson 1973,458). In order for information for everyday living to have impact thereis an assumption that links to existing knowledge have to be made inorder to be able to store new information (Grunert 1986, 103). There isa plethora plethora/pleth��o��ra/ (pleth��ah-rah)1. an excess of blood.2. by extension, a red florid complexion.pletho��ricpleth��o��ran.1. of diagrammatic and descriptive models of information seekingand use (for an overview, see Case 2007). In many of these models thereis a focus on stored memory and appending knowledge to existingcognitive processes Cognitive processesThought processes (i.e., reasoning, perception, judgment, memory).Mentioned in: Psychosocial Disorders . Even for regular and everyday information choiceactivities such as shopping, it appears that 'acquired andprocessed information is stored as an extension of memory so that when aneed arises (for themselves or others) to evaluate a product,individuals can access these stored sources' (Vogt and Fesenmair1998, 553). This suggests, perhaps, that we cannot learn things aboutthings of which we know nothing. Using information and in turnincreasing knowledge is a transitional process from 'distressingignorance to becoming informed' (Buckland 1988, 115). Notwithstanding the library centric focus of most of theprofessional practice of information studies graduates in Australia itis sobering to remember that most information seeking and use occursoutside libraries and in the small world of the everyday. The most usedinformation sources for most people are peer kin contacts (friends,family and relatives). People meet, talk, and ask advice from peopleessentially like themselves (Chatman 1985, 1996; Dervin 1976,1983/2000). The provision of high quality information resources to support thiseveryday information behaviour is essential to ensure that citizens areadequately informed. Increasingly, self reliance and self determinationare common threads of Australian life and the need to be effectivecitizens is an important goal of much information seeking in the worldof the everyday. Access to high quality everyday life information is thekey to this meaningful participation in society (Chen and Hernon 1982;Dervin 1976; Marcella and Baxter 2000; Savolainen 1995). With thisincreased expectation of self reliance and self-determination there hasbeen a subsequent increase in the information that citizens need inorder to gain access to society and to participate effectively in it. The role of the library profession in supporting the informationneeds of average citizens has a long tradition. The heritage of theprofession, and the role of the public library, during the era ofMechanics Institutes and the like (Dewey 1927; Kandel 1937; Learned[1924]), provide scope for a reframing reframing (rē·frāˑ·ming),n the revisiting and reconstruction of a patient's view of an experience to imbue it with a different usually more positive meaning in the of an interest, as occurred inthe 1970s and 1980s (see for example, Childers 1982; Donohew andSpringer springera North American term commonly used to describe heifers close to term with their first calf. 1980; Fergus 1980; Garrison 1982) within the library andInformation profession in Australia, of supporting the information needsof average citizens; it also presents considerable opportunities andchallenges. This style of praxis prax��is?n. pl. prax��es1. Practical application or exercise of a branch of learning.2. Habitual or established practice; custom. appears to be more readily embraced insome other countries. For example, in Finland a major study of thehealth information behaviour of citizens has been undertaken with theauspice aus��pice?n. pl. aus��pi��ces1. also auspices Protection or support; patronage.2. A sign indicative of future prospects; an omen: Auspices for the venture seemed favorable. of the Department of Information Studies faculty at Abo Akademi(Palsdottir 2003); in the USA, the Information School at the Universityof Washington sponsors a major research institute, Information Behaviourin Everyday Contexts (Information School at the University of Washington2009); and the Swedish School of Library and Information Studies alsohas a strong presence in this field. A study of graduate employment outcomes for graduates from thelibrary and information studies courses 1998 2002 from the universitywhere this current study was undertaken (Genoni and Smith 2005) does notlist everyday life information services See Information Systems. as a category of employment, nordoes it list the more traditional term of community informationservices. There is a category 'other information work' butthis is unspecified Adj. 1. unspecified - not stated explicitly or in detail; "threatened unspecified reprisals"specified - clearly and explicitly stated; "meals are at specified times" . As can been seen by the international examplesabove, there are significant employment and consequent researchopportunities available within support services support servicesPsychology Non-health care-related ancillary services–eg, transportation, financial aid, support groups, homemaker services, respite services, and other services seeking to engage thecommunity with information resources to support the world of theeveryday. Recording the role of information professionals in theseagencies in Australia would provide important data for library andinformation studies educators and those planning careers in the sector,particularly new graduates. Many respected community agencies in Australia (for example,Lifeline life��line?n.1. a. An anchored line thrown as a support to someone falling or drowning.b. A line shot to a ship in distress.c. A line used to raise and lower deep-sea divers.2. and Citizen's Advice Bureau) undertake high profileinformation and referral activities and produce a range of informationproducts which are used widely to support the everyday lives of thecommunity. Much of this information is now offered via the Internet.Most of these agencies do not employ library and informationprofessionals to develop information products or to deliver informationto their clients. This work is usually undertaken by a range of otherprofessionals, paraprofessionals, and volunteers from a range ofbackgrounds. In Australia the skills of library and informationprofessionals have much to offer this non-library information andreferral sector by supporting information product design, informationdissemination, and information literacy Several conceptions and definitions of information literacy have become prevalent. For example, one conception defines information literacy in terms of a set of competencies that an informed citizen of an information society ought to possess to participate intelligently and ; but the library professionals,and the institutions which train them, need to value this work and seeit as a worthwhile professional goal. The rise of the Internet as aprimary information seeking tool in the world of the everyday makes thisneed even more acute. Scholars in the field of everyday life information have been airingthese concerns for some time. As early as 1977, well before theintroduction of the Internet, Brenda Dervin BackgroundBrenda Dervin, currently a professor of communication at Ohio State University, is an influential figure in the communication and library and information science fields. , whose sense making theoryforms the methodological centre of this current study, suggested thatthere are serious implications for the library and informationprofession if it continued to see itself in terms of a normative nor��ma��tive?adj.Of, relating to, or prescribing a norm or standard: normative grammar.nor view ofinformation and service. She suggested that this approach does not workfor most individuals and that increasingly: more and more comprehensive and complex information systems areorganized using more and more sophisticated technology. In the meanwhilesupport for library activities dwindles and study after study showsthat, despite their allegiance to the value of objective information,very few citizens use libraries to obtain that valued commodity (Dervin1977, 21). In a similar vein the human information behaviour specialistElfreda Chapman, whose work also informs much of the scholarship in thiscurrent study, and her colleague Victoria Pendleton, suggested (Chatmanand Pendleton 1998) that: information professionals might reexamine the world of information from small world perspectives ... [as this provides] a rich and fruitful approach to the investigation of social worlds that fall outside traditional public library use ... [and that this] will add to the role of the public library in responding to factors that constitute information behaviour (p. 732). Chatman and Pendleton go on to suggest that library and informationprofessionals fail to take account of the information needs ofnon-library users and that this approach to information needs, programsand services seems to indicate that we cater to the 'users'because 'they' are like 'us' and thereforeunderstand the world of libraries (p. 743). Chatman and Pendleton alsomade the sobering observation that those who don't use libraries tomeet their information needs also 'share a world view about'us' and the manner in which they may approach [or notapproach] us for needed information' (p. 743-744). These concerns form the context for the current study of theinformation needs of Australian men experiencing stressful life events.An examination of a review of information seeking literature (Case 2007)showed that although gender is the primary focus of a number ofinformation seeking studies 'typically the focus is on women'(p. 314), and the few extant ex��tant?adj.1. Still in existence; not destroyed, lost, or extinct: extant manuscripts.2. Archaic Standing out; projecting. studies of the information behaviour of menfocus on subgroups such as young homosexuals undertaking the process ofcoming out (see Case 2007, 307). The current study examined theinformation needs of average Australian men as an attempt to fill a gapin information behaviour research, and to alert the library andinformation profession of the gaps in information delivery which theycould seek to address. Background for the study In recognition of the particular issues related to men'shealth and wellbeing considerable government and community resourceshave been forthcoming in recent times for the development of informationproducts and support services to inform men of issues impacting on theirhealth and wellbeing (for example, Alston and Hall 2005; Beyondblue2010; LifelineWA 2010; Mensline Australia 2009). While taking account ofthis investment, research from numerous studies show that men are oftennot aware of these information products or services and continue to havedifficulty mobilising help when under stress and during periods of illhealth (Department of Health and Ageing Health and Ageing is a research programme set up by the Geneva Association, also known as the International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics. The Geneva Association Research Programme on Health and Ageing seeks to bring together facts, figures and analyses Australia 2009; Jorm 2000; Loney1995; Sayers, Miller and Ministerial Done under the direction of a supervisor; not involving discretion or policymaking.Ministerial describes an act or a function that conforms to an instruction or a prescribed procedure. It connotes obedience. Council for Suicide Prevention Suicide prevention is an umbrella term for the collective efforts of mental health practitioners and related professionals to reduce the incidence of suicide through proactive preventive measures. (WA)2004). The mass media are a media of choice for many information campaignsfocusing on mental and physical health, and community wellbeing moregenerally. Similar style campaigns are also common in many other Westerncountries and the information delivery strategy employed in suchinitiatives is known as social marketing. Social marketing is a term first used in the 1970s (Kotler andRoberto 1989). It is a branch of marketing which seeks to influencesocial behaviours, not to benefit the marketer, but to benefit thetarget audience and the general society. The term is used as 'acatchall to include what the literature and experts variously refer toas public information, public education, public awareness, or publicengagement campaigns' (Coffman 2002, 5) and like all advertising,calls on a range of strategies to gain access to the community psyche Psyche(sī`kē), in Greek mythology, personification of the human soul. She was so lovely that Eros (Cupid), the god of love, fell in love with her. .This technique has been used extensively over the last 25 years to'sell' a wide range of social initiatives requiring behaviourchange. While the mass media are important conduits for theseinitiatives social marketing takes a wide range of forms including TVand newspaper advertisements, pamphlets for display at informationcentres, 'bus back' and advertising bill boards, telephonehelp lines, letter box distribution of printed materials or promotionalproducts, and point-of-sale giveaways at community events. The Internetis being used increasingly to provide supportive information, andinteractive responses, to these campaigns. With regard for the poor physical and mental health outcomes forAustralian men, many of these campaigns attempt to change'masculine' style behaviours to improve men's health andwellbeing. For example many information campaigns focus on drinkdriving, speeding in cars, smoking, poor diet, and unwillingness of mento have regular health checks. Research method and design Sense-making theory has been developed by the USA based informationbehaviour and communication scholar, Brenda Dervin, through more thanthirty years of research and critique (Dervin 1983/2000; Dervin andForeman-Wernet 2003). In the development of her sense-making theory,Dervin suggests that many aspects of our experience cannot be clearlydelineated de��lin��e��ate?tr.v. de��lin��e��at��ed, de��lin��e��at��ing, de��lin��e��ates1. To draw or trace the outline of; sketch out.2. To represent pictorially; depict.3. in terms of naturally emergent emergent/emer��gent/ (e-mer��jent)1. coming out from a cavity or other part.2. pertaining to an emergency.emergent1. coming out from a cavity or other part.2. coming on suddenly. dimensions of our experience.Activities such as human emotions, abstract concepts, mental activity,time, work and social practices cannot be fully understood in their ownterms. Instead we must understand them in terms of other entities andexperiences. In this way human information behaviour can be thought ofas based on spatial and corporeal Possessing a physical nature; having an objective, tangible existence; being capable of perception by touch and sight.Under Common Law, corporeal hereditaments are physical objects encompassed in land, including the land itself and any tangible object on it, that can be experiences, and this is the basis ofher sense-making theory (for a comprehensive overview of the theory andexamples of its use in a range of domains, see Dervin and Clark 1999). Four major ways in which incoming information changes the existingknowledge structures and begins to 'make sense' are: * appending (a new piece of information is added to the existingknowledge structure); * inserting (a new component of knowledge is added); * deleting (removal of a component which no longer has value); andfinally * sense-making, which can be thought of as using the metaphors oftaking a journey, using step making and gap bridging from a place wherethings are unknown, to one where they are known and incorporated inone's understanding (Author's notes from Sense-making MasterClass with Brenda Dervin July 13, 2006, University of TechnologySydney). Furthermore: Sense-making focuses on how humans make and unmake, develop,maintain, resist, destroy, and change order, structure, culture,organisation, relationships, and the self. The sense-making theoreticassumptions are implemented through a core methodological metaphor thatpictures the person as moving through time-space, bridging gaps andmoving on (Dervin 2003, 332). The Finnish information behaviour specialist Reijo Savolainen is anexpert in the use of sense-making as a tool for understanding humaninformation behaviour, particularly in the world of the everyday. Hesuggests that when seeking and using information individuals useconcepts of moving from not knowing to knowing, that information seekersare on a pathway in their quest for Verb 1. quest for - go in search of or hunt for; "pursue a hobby"quest after, go after, pursuelook for, search, seek - try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of; "The police are searching for clues"; "They are searching for the knowledge and that this pathway isnot usually linear (Savolainen 2000, 43-45). The research under review in this paper took a multi-disciplinaryapproach to the information needs of Australian men. It examined humaninformation behaviour from a variety of sociological, psychological andanthropological viewpoints. The research examined a range of existingtheories related to human information behaviour and explored how thesetheories can inform the scholarship of men's information seekingfor personal decision making and personal change. This literature reviewinformed the development of a narrative style 'sense-makinginterview' (Dervin 1983/2000) which was undertaken as the core ofthe research. The men in the study (n=15) were recruited using the email contactdatabase of a community agency which offers information and support tomen. This service provides a high profile information and referralservice to the community at large, and counselling, mentoring,psycho-educational groups, together with a range of activities forfathers and their children post-separation and divorce. In order to provide context to the study in terms of existinginformation delivery to men, the research also canvassed the views of agroup of service providers (n=6), public and private, to determine whatinformation and supports were being offered routinely to men, and howinformation about these services and supports were currentlydisseminated disseminated/dis��sem��i��nat��ed/ (-sem��i-nat?ed) scattered; distributed over a considerable area. dis��sem��i��nat��edadj.Spread over a large area of a body, a tissue, or an organ. . These professionals were selected to take part due to theprofile of the services they were offering, or the focus of their workrole in supporting men. The interviews took between 45 and 90 minutes, and collected dataon the information behaviour of Australian men during stressful lifeevents, and at other times in their lives. This included use of formalinformation services such as libraries and other information andreferral services, as well as informal networks such as family, friendsand colleagues. With Savolainen's non-linear sense-making model in mind, thefocus of the current study was the pathways that men use when seekinginformation to support them during a stressful life event, and theparticular barriers and gaps that they currently face when they embarkon this quest. It examined in detail the information tools the men inthe study were using in the world of the everyday, including their useof the Internet as a tool for personal support, enhanced wellbeing andas a pathway into care during times of stress and ill heath. A secondarycomponent of this facet facet/fac��et/ (fas��it) a small plane surface on a hard body, as on a bone. fac��etn.1. A small smooth area on a bone or other firm structure.2. of the study canvassed the views of this groupof men, and a group of service providers, regarding how various forms ofinformational support including the Internet, and ICTs more generally,could be enhanced to better meet the needs of men when they areexperiencing stress and ill health, and more habitually HABITUALLY. Customarily, by habit. or frequent use or practice, or so frequently, as to show a design of repeating the same act. 2 N. S. 622: 1 Mart. Lo. R. 149. 2. across the lifespan. It also examined how these support tools could be marketed moreeffectively so that men would feel confident to use them. The sense-making interview asked four major questions which set thescene for the narrative sense-making interview: 1. Can you give me an example of a time when you needed informationto help you with an important thing in your life? 2. What was the gap you were trying to fill? 3. How did you think the information would help you? 4. Was it difficult to think of places and people who might havebeen able to help you? At the conclusion of the sense-making interview the men wereconsulted about the development and marketing of information and supportservices to men, and how this can be undertaken in a more effectivemanner. Additional data were collected by means of a take homeself-completion questionnaire for mail back at a later date. Mindful mind��ful?adj.Attentive; heedful: always mindful of family responsibilities.See Synonyms at careful.mind ofthe notion of peer kin contacts as an important source of informationthe questionnaire contained a variety of questions related to the roleof informal supports and social networks used by the men during theirinformation seeking episode. The questionnaire collected data on: 1. social network strength; and 2. confidant availability. Information provided in the questionnaire was used to support datacollected in the sense-making interview. The interviews with the service providers had two sections.Firstly, enquiries were made about services and information productscurrently offered to men by these service providers. The second stagewas similar to the second part of those conducted with informationseeking men; the service providers were consulted about the developmentand marketing of information and support services to men, and how thiscould be undertaken in a more effective manner. Research findings Many of the men in this study indicated that the information needsepisode of most importance to them (Q1) was linked to the issue ofrelationship breakdown, but other issues included life threateningillness, addictions (self or partner), parenting difficulties,depression leading to attempting suicide, death of a young wife in aroad accident, and relocation RELOCATION, Scotch law, contracts. To let again to renew a lease, is called a relocation. 2. When a tenant holds over after the expiration of his lease, with the consent of his landlord, this will amount to a relocation. to a new country to support hiswife's career. These episodes formed the basis for the sense-makinginterview. The men were frank in their responses to the second and thirdquestions in the interview: what was the gap you were trying to fill?How did you think the information would help you? The responses wereinter-changeable between them. Responses included: I didn't have aclue, I felt like a child crawling in the dark, I was deeplyuncomfortable, I wanted more connection; and significantly: I needed toknow I was normal, which was a common theme. Both the men and the service providers who took part in thesecondary component of the research were clear that engaging Australianmen with information products about issues of health and wellbeing isproblematic. One professional went as far as to comment: engagingAustralian men with early voluntary information seeking is pretty much alost cause. As outlined above, social marketing, also known as publicinformation, public education, public awareness, or public engagementcampaigns (Coffman 2002, 5), is a common tool used by government andcommunity agencies for alerting groups in society about issues of healthand wellbeing. There was considerable criticism of these campaigns from bothgroups in the study. One service provider made the following comment:most of the information currently available to men is deficit based ...men do not respond well to these types of information messages. Anothersuggested: most health promotion [via social marketing campaigns] iswasteful There is no specified target audience or any information aboutwhat is supposed to happen as result of seeing the advertisement orvisiting the accompanying website. The general view was that men do notrespond to messages which blame them and attempt to shame them intochanging their behaviour. Many of the men expressed considerabledistress that the media images of Australian men, and social marketinginitiatives in particular, portray por��tray?tr.v. por��trayed, por��tray��ing, por��trays1. To depict or represent pictorially; make a picture of.2. To depict or describe in words.3. To represent dramatically, as on the stage. a particularly negative image ofAustralian men. One man summed it up thus: Men are tired of seeingimages which suggest that we are all drongos, losers, pedophiles or drugaddicts. Question 4 of the semi-structured interview asked: Was it difficultto think of places and people who might have been able to help you? Whatis clear from the responses is that, notwithstanding the considerablegovernment and community resources that have been forthcoming in recenttimes for the development of information products to alert men to thebenefits of changing potentially harming or negative behaviour, and ofsources of information to support them in this endeavour, the men werelargely unaware of this information. This included Internet basedmaterials and high profile social marketing campaigns. It is clear thatthe pathway to help and support is still difficult and problematic formany Australian men. The market research company Elliot and Shanahan Research, operatingfrom Sydney, has been instrumental in the development of many of thesecampaigns on behalf of government agencies. Their studies have alsodocumented that many things are possible with mass media campaigns, butchanging behaviour is not one of them (Elliot 1989, 1993). In terms of current models of information delivery from governmentand community agencies, a significant further finding from the study isthat the Internet was not a trusted source of information for these menwhen they were seeking information about life issues or embarking on apathway into supportive care supportive care,n medical and other interventions that attempt to support and make comfortable rather than to cure. during periods of life stress and illhealth. The men in the study were very expressive in their articulation articulationIn phonetics, the shaping of the vocal tract (larynx, pharynx, and oral and nasal cavities) by positioning mobile organs (such as the tongue) relative to other parts that may be rigid (such as the hard palate) and thus modifying the airstream to produce speech of their distrust of the Internet as a reliable information source. * I am concerned about the credibility of a lot of information onthe web; I am not sure where it comes from. It seems better to useinformation from people who know me or from credible sources; * The Internet is full of s**t, too much filtering is required. Iwould rather use professionals with learned credible knowledge; * the Internet can enhance problems, [men] need to know informationis reliable and sound and this is not always the case on the Internet; * I looked at websites on family breakdown. The websites were veryhigh brow brow(brou) the forehead, or either lateral half of it. brown.1. The eyebrow.2. See forehead.browthe forehead, or either lateral half of it. and simplistic sim��plism?n.The tendency to oversimplify an issue or a problem by ignoring complexities or complications.[French simplisme, from simple, simple, from Old French; see simple . The information did not reflect how realpeople live their lives; * there needs to be people contact not Internet, although privacyis an issue, people can provide that. Given the propensity of community and government agencies to usethe Internet as an information dissemination tool this finding presentsconsiderable challenges to those seeking to inform men about matters ofhealth and wellbeing, and for the information product developers whosupport this endeavour. It is also of concern for third partyinformation providers, such as libraries who refer others to theseweb-based materials. While men in this study expressed considerable distrust of currentinformation sources, including the Internet, they did indicate that theywant information provided in particularly masculine ways. Issues ofprivacy and social honour are of considerable importance to Australianmen, particularly in the areas of health and wellbeing. Initial findingsfrom this study, and research conducted elsewhere (Berger, Wagner andBaker 2005) suggest that, notwithstanding current perceptions of trustin source data, the Internet and ICTs more generally, do provideconsiderable scope for information providers to engage with men in thecontext of everyday life information about personal matters whileallowing for their concerns about privacy and social honour to be met ifthis information is well designed, targeted and marketed effectively.This issue was eloquently el��o��quent?adj.1. Characterized by persuasive, powerful discourse: an eloquent speaker; an eloquent sermon.2. summed up by one man in the study: The Internet is a great place to go for things you are scared of. I do not want to be seen as paranoid, weak, moaning, whinging or a hypochondriac by others so the www is a good place for me to avoid those fears while still finding out things I need to know Shame is a big factor in not wanting to talk openly to find information. Being vulnerable is hard--the more the need the less likely I would be to ask. Homophobia homophobiaPsychology An irrationally negative attitude toward those with homosexual orientation, or toward becoming homosexual. See Closet, Gay-bashing, Heterosexism. Cf Gay, Homosexual, Phobia. was also a significant deterrent to seeking informationand support for men in this study. The men used terms such as'man's man' to describe themselves or to articulateimages of masculinity masculinity/mas��cu��lin��i��ty/ (mas?ku-lin��i-te) virility; the possession of masculine qualities. mas��cu��lin��i��tyn.1. The quality or condition of being masculine.2. they wished to see portrayed within the culture.Any perception of 'gayness' in articulating information needwas seen as negative and as bringing personal credibility into doubt.This perception by others, and the wish to be seen as coping andknowledgeable, were strongly felt by these men. It was seen as a mark ofAustralian masculinity to emulate em��u��late?tr.v. em��u��lat��ed, em��u��lat��ing, em��u��lates1. To strive to equal or excel, especially through imitation: an older pupil whose accomplishments and style I emulated.2. these behaviours and one that societyoverall expects. This was a common theme: Many people also hold the viewthat men "know stuff" and should be able to do things forthemselves and this stops them seeking help with things they don'tknow Receiving information from a trusted source was a primary concern,a finding which has been demonstrated by other studies (Chatman 1991;Dervin 1976). These men indicated that to date, the Internet is not atrusted source and agencies need to consider carefully its use as a toolfor engaging men about issues of health and wellbeing. Discussion Since its inception men have embraced the use of the Internet, andICTs more generally, and their use has become a particularly masculinebehaviour within many sections of Australian society, especially byyoung men. As such, these technologies do provide scope for engaging menand supporting their information seeking, especially in times of stressand ill health when privacy issues may be more exacerbated. Forinstance, health researchers have shown that tailored electronicinterventions such as personalised Adj. 1. personalised - made for or directed or adjusted to a particular individual; "personalized luggage"; "personalized advice"individualised, individualized, personalized emails from a respected source can besuccessful for engaging specific hard-to-reach groups (see, for example,the research of Professor Ken Resnicow and his colleagues at the Schoolof Public Health at the University of Michigan (body, education) University of Michigan - A large cosmopolitan university in the Midwest USA. Over 50000 students are enrolled at the University of Michigan's three campuses. The students come from 50 states and over 100 foreign countries. ). These personalisedemails can be used in tandem Adv. 1. in tandem - one behind the other; "ride tandem on a bicycle built for two"; "riding horses down the path in tandem"tandem with other information provision on theInternet and elsewhere. Research has also shown that the video games See video game console. have been successfulin teaching new behaviour in a wide range of domains including healthand wellbeing (Entertainment Software Association 2008). This researchhas found that 62% of citizens in the USA play video games and they areuseful tools for engaging hard-to-reach groups and teaching new skills.This research could be used for evaluating the effectiveness of engagingAustralian men with similar learning tools in order to developinformation literacy and subsequent behaviour change strategies. Emerging technologies which allow individuals and groups to learnnew skills in Internet based virtual worlds, such as Second Life (Linden Linden, city, United StatesLinden,city (1990 pop. 36,701), Union co., NE N.J., in the New York metropolitan area; inc. 1925. During the first half of the 20th cent. Research Inc 2008) may also provide unique opportunities for engagingmen. Library and information professionals already have a large presenceon these domains, especially in the USA, and are undertaking researchinto their efficacy as learning tools (Luo and Kemp 2008). With the helpof those professionals with a strong understanding of human informationbehaviour, software designers and service providers may be able todevelop virtual support using these technologies which would allow mento gain information about health and wellbeing, and increase theirinformation literacy skills. These new skills could act as tools forenhanced information seeking over time and provide a pathway to moreformal care in times of stress and ill health. This preliminary research has shown that creative and innovativeuse of the Internet and ICTs may provide considerable opportunities toengage men and enhance their information seeking about matters of healthand wellbeing. The skills of library and information professionals havemuch to offer to both the critique and use of these technologies in awider context than in libraries. This work may well lead to thedevelopment of innovations which may improve information literacy andinformation uptake in hard-to-reach groups. While the men who took partin this research did not identify the Internet and ICTs more generallyas particularly worthwhile or valuable in supporting their informationseeking, the age of the men (32-64) may be considered as a factor inthese concerns. As men who have been exposed to new media andtechnologies move into the periods of life stress in their middle yearsthis reluctance to see these tools as valuable for their informationseeking may be different from those men in the current study due to theprevalence of their use in other life domains from a younger age. It is clear that there is also considerable scope for library andinformation professionals to work with government and community agenciesto develop information campaigns and supporting information productswhich take account of human information behaviour. Various models ofhuman information behaviour are extant in the scholarly literature (fora comprehensive overview see, Case 2007). An examination of theinformation dissemination strategies of government and communityagencies, and their attempts to engage men about issues of health andwellbeing, and other groups in the community, would suggest that humaninformation behaviour is not well understood. Mainstreaming these modelsand concepts provides wide ranging opportunities to improve the qualityand style of information resources developed to engage men, and otherhard-to-reach groups, including the provision of information via theInternet. Likewise, marketing the skills and knowledge sets of library andinformation professionals into agencies that have embraced informationand referral in the world of the everyday will ensure that these skillsets continue to have relevance in a rapidly changing informationdelivery environment. There is also considerable scope to increase theprofile of these skills in order that library and informationprofessionals are consulted more readily about the design anddissemination of everyday life information, particularly the highprofile social marketing campaigns which use considerable public funds See Fund, 3.See also: Public .Information behaviour involves complex processes that are embeddedwithin an individual's everyday social and life context and theseare rarely linear or straightforward. Information which social policyanalysts and politicians believe individuals, or particular groups insociety, need may not reflect actual needs, nor may the delivery of thisinformation reflect real life circumstances in terms of time use,literacy, access to technology or interest levels. Integrating knowledgeabout the complex nature of information seeking and use, particularly inthe world of the everyday, would lead to enhanced provision ofinformation to the community from social marketing campaigns. The training of library and information professionals in Australiais currently under review. An Australian Learning and Teaching CouncilPriority Project has produced a discussion paper outlining the scope ofthe project. This discussion paper records that: LIS LIS - Langage Implementation Systeme.A predecessor of Ada developed by Ichbiah in 1973. It was influenced by Pascal's data structures and Sue's control structures. A type declaration can have a low-level implementation specification. education aims to prepare graduates for employment within theLIS sector; however the LIS employment landscape is extensiveincorporating academic libraries, school libraries, public, state andnational libraries, as well as special libraries and information centres(such as law libraries, health and medical information agencies).Opportunities also exist within areas such as knowledge management,records management, web development and so on (Partridge partridge,common name applied to various henlike birds of several families. The true partridges of the Old World are members of the pheasant family (Phasianidae); the common European or Hungarian species has been successfully introduced in parts of North America. 2010, 5). While the inclusion of information centres in this list doesattempt to capture a 'non-library flavour' in the analysis ofsome work roles of library and information studies graduates, theexamples used would suggest that these so named information centres areoperating in high-end professional settings. The inclusion ofinformation centres providing everyday life information for the generalcommunity, such as Citizen's Advice Bureau, or those with specificneeds such as Lifeline Australia would add considerable depth to areview of training needs of information professionals in Australia. It is also timely to find out more about what library andinformation professionals working in public libraries are doing in termsof the delivery of everyday life information and if current skills andtraining are adequate. During the conduct of this study an approach wasmade to ALIA to determine the provision of everyday life informationwithin public libraries. This led to awareness that these data are notreadily available, and although individual jurisdictions may collectsome data, such collection is patchy PATCHY - A Fortran code management program written at CERN. and inconsistent. As such, there isconsiderable opportunity to find out what is being done in Australianlibraries in terms of the delivery of everyday life information in orderto enhance praxis. Conclusion This paper has reported the results of a study of the informationbehaviour of a group of Australian men who had experienced a stressfullife event. These men used a variety of information behaviourstrategies--some men are information seekers, some are avoiders; somemen are obviously foragers, others want directive help; some believe theInternet is valuable, others do not. While this a small pilot study itdoes provide much needed preliminary data for a larger study. These data, together with that collected from the group ofinformation providers who took part in the secondary study on effectiveways to market information seeking to Australian men show some commonthemes and they provide valuable insights into the information behaviourof Australian men. In summary, the findings indicate that, largely, Australian men: 1. are resistant to information seeking and information use, andprefer to act autonomously; 2. are not generally aware of the information, or supports andservices, available in the community to assist them to enhance theirwellbeing when under stress, or more habitually; 3. use family and friends as principal sources of information, helpand support; 4. use women--spouses, mothers, sisters and friends--as keyconduits for their information seeking; 5. use a variety of information tools, and as yet the Internet isnot generally a respected source of supportive information; nor aresocial marketing campaigns effective as tools for information delivery; 6. prefer small cohesive cohesive,n the capability to cohere or stick together to form a mass. networks as adjuncts to their informationbehaviour; and 7. report that privacy and credibility, both perceptions of theirown and that of the provider, are key determinants of decisions to seekinformation and support. The findings from this small study provide valuable opportunitiesfor further research. In terms of the library and information profession in Australiathese findings also present many opportunities, and some challenges. Asa primary goal the information needs of non-library users should becomea significant area of scholarship within the profession; especially theneeds of different groups within the community who might have barriersto library use that are not well understood. Library and informationprofessionals should also market their skills in non-library informationand referral settings and routinely seek work in agencies which supportthe informational needs of citizens in everyday life. Their skills havemuch to offer the development and dissemination of information products,including information offered through social marketing campaigns and theInternet. Increasing knowledge of human information behaviour willenhance the provision and uptake of information in the world of theeveryday. This will result in more effective information disseminationto hard-to-reach groups, more effective use of limited community funds,and meaningful research into the efficacy of these initiatives. Acknowledgments The author wishes to thank the staff at dads@ lifeline a service ofLifelineWA (see http://www. lifelinewa.org.au) who assisted withresearch design and recruitment of participants for this study and thetwo anonymous reviews who commented on an earlier draft of this paper. Manuscript received October 2009. References Alston, E., and Hall, C. 2005. Pit stop: Gentleman check yourengines: A spanner in the works. Paper presented at the 6th Rural HealthConference. Good health--good country: from conception to completion. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2008. Causes of death. 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A reward given voluntarily for some service or benefit rendered, without being requested so to do, either expressly or by implication. theory to information-seeking behavior. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science 42, no. 6: 438-499. Chatman, E. A. 1996. The impoverished life-world of outsiders.Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, no. 3:193-206. Chatman, E. A 2000. Framing social life in theory and research. InNew review of information behaviour research: studies of informationseeking in context, ed L. Hoglund and T D Wilson, 3-17. Cambridge:Taylor Graham Taylor Graham (born June 3, 1980 in Fair Oaks, California) is an American soccer central defender, who is currently with Seattle Sounders of USL 1st Division.Graham played five years of college soccer at Stanford University, registering as a walk-on his freshman year of . Chatman, E. A., and Pendleton, V. 1998. Small world lives:implications for the public library. Library Trends 46, no. 4: 732-752. Chen, C. C., and Hernon, P 1982. Information seeking: assessing andanticipating user needs. London: Neal-Schuman Publishers. Childers, T. 1982. Personal maintenance and personal growth. InInformation and the transformation of society, ed. G. R Sweeney,102-111, North Holland Publishing Company. Coffman, J. 2002. Public communication campaign evaluation: anenvironmental scan of challenges, criticisms, practice, andopportunities http://www.mediaevaluationproject.org/HFRR.pdf (accessedFebruary 4, 2010) Connell, R. W. ed. 1999. Men's health: a research agenda andbackground report. Canberra: Department of Health and Aged Care,Australia. Department of Health and Ageing Australia. 2009. NationalMen's Health: National Men's Health Policy.http://www.health.gov.au/ menshealthpolicy (accessed January 15, 2010) Dervin, B. 1976. 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Mental health literacy health literacyHealth care A measure of a person's ability to understand health-related information and make informed decisions about that information; HL includes interpreting prescriptions and following self care insturctions. Cf Literacy. : public knowledge andbeliefs about mental disorders mental disorders:see bipolar disorder; paranoia; psychiatry; psychosis; schizophrenia. . British Journal of Psychiatry psychiatry(səkī`ətrē, sī–), branch of medicine that concerns the diagnosis and treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders, including major depression, schizophrenia, and anxiety. 177:396-401. Jorm, A. F. ed. 1996. Men and mental health. Canberra: NationalHealth and Medical Research Council. Kandel, I. L. 1937. The free library movement and its implications.Sydney: The Movement. Kotler, P., and Roberto, E. L. 1989. Social marketing: strategiesfor changing behavior. New York New York, state, United StatesNew York,Middle Atlantic state of the United States. It is bordered by Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and the Atlantic Ocean (E), New Jersey and Pennsylvania (S), Lakes Erie and Ontario and the Canadian province of : Free Press/Macmillan. Learned, W. S. [1924]. The American public and the diffusion ofknowledge. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co. LifelineWA. 2010. clads@lifeline.www.lifelinewa.org.au (accessedJanuary 10, 2010) Linden Research Inc. 2008. Second Life. http://secondlife.com/(accessed February 1, 2010) Loney, A. 1995. Help-seeking attitudes and behaviour in a smallagricultural shire of Western Australia Western Australia,state (1991 pop. 1,409,965), 975,920 sq mi (2,527,633 sq km), Australia, comprising the entire western part of the continent. It is bounded on the N, W, and S by the Indian Ocean. Perth is the capital. Unpublished Masters Thesis,Curtin University of Technology, Perth. Luo, L., and Kemp, J. 2008. Second Life: exploring the immersiveinstructional venue for library and information science educationJournal of Education for Library and Information Science 49, no. 3:147-166. Marcella, R., and Baxter, G. 2000. The information needs and theinformation seeking behaviour of a national sample of the population inthe United Kingdom, with special reference to citizenship. Journal ofDocumentation 55, no. 2:159-183. Mensline Australia. 2009. Men's Line Australiawww.menslineaus. org.au (accessed January 27, 2010) Palsdottir, A. 2003. Icelandic citizens' everyday life healthinformation behaviour [Electronic Version]. Health Informatics Journal9: 225-240. http://jhi.sagepub.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/cgi/reprint/9/4/225 (accessed February 5, 2010) Partridge, H 2010 Re-conceptualising and re-positioning Australianlibrary and information science education for the twenty-first century.Discussion paper 1: project summary, http://www.liseducation.org.au/resources/DiscussionPaper1_ProjectSummary_ FINAL.pdf(accessed May 27, 2010) Savolainen, R. 1995. Everyday life information seeking: findingsand methodological questions of an empirical study. In The firstBritish-Nordic Conference on Library and Information Science, ed. M.Hancock-Beaulieu and N. Pors. Shefffield: University of Sheffield The University of Sheffield is a research university, located in Sheffield in South Yorkshire, England. ReputationSheffield was the Sunday Times University of the Year in 2001 and has consistently appeared as their top 20 institutions. . Savolainen, R. 2000 Incorporating small parts and gap bridging: twomethodological approaches to information use. In New review ofinformation behaviour research: information seeking in context, ed. L.Hoglund and T. D Wilson, 35-67. Cambridge: Taylor Graham. Sayers, M. R., Miller, K. M., and Ministerial Council for SuicidePrevention (WA). 2004. Help seeking behaviours of suicidal su��i��cid��aladj.1. Of or relating to suicide.2. Likely to attempt suicide. men aged17-35 years: a consumer consultation and participation pilot project.Perth: Ministerial Council for Suicide Prevention. Verrinder, A., and Denner, B. J. 2000. The success of men'shealth nights and health sessions. Australian Journal of Rural Health 8:81-86. Vogt, C. A., and Fesenmair, D. R. 1998. Expanding the functionalsearch model Annals an��nals?pl.n.1. A chronological record of the events of successive years.2. A descriptive account or record; a history: "the short and simple annals of the poor" of Tourism Research 25, no. 3:551-578. Wilson, R 1973. Situational relevance. Information Storage andRetrieval information storage and retrieval,the systematic process of collecting and cataloging data so that they can be located and displayed on request. Computers and data processing techniques have made possible the high-speed, selective retrieval of large amounts of 9:457-471. Peta Wellstead was awarded her PhD in Information Studies at CurtinUniversity in Perth in 2009. She currently is a Research Fellow with theKey Centre for Ethics, Law, Justice and Governance at GriffithUniversity Griffith University is an Australian public university with five campuses in Queensland between Brisbane and the Gold Coast. In 2007 there were more than 33,000 enrolled students and 3,000 staff. in Brisbane where she is assisting with research in theViolence Research and Prevention Program. Prior to completing her PhDand taking up the Research Fellowship Peta operated her own research andinformation management consultancy and supported the work of agenciesproviding everyday life information. Peta's PhD was amultidisciplinary study that examined possible psycho-social andsocio-cultural impacts on information use by Australian men in the worldof the everyday, including the use of new electronic and digital media.She has a particular interest in the way emerging media link withtraditional information sources and personal networks to act as toolsfor enhancing social capital and personal wellbeing. Peta can becontacted at p.wellstead@griffiths.edu.au PETA WELLSTEAD This paper has been double-blind peer reviewed to meet theDepartment of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research (DIISR DIISR Department of Innovation Industry Science and Research (Australia)) HERDC HERDC Higher Education Research Data Collection requirements.

A Muggle's Guide to the Wizarding World.

A Muggle's Guide to the Wizarding World. A Muggle's Guide To The Wizarding World Fionna Boyle ECW ECW Extreme Championship WrestlingECW Episcopal Church WomenECW English Civil WarECW Enhanced Compressed Wavelet (Image compression format created by Earth Resource Mapping)ECW Extracellular Water Press 2120 Queen St. East #200, Toronto, Ontario Canada M4E M4E Managing for Excellence 1E2 155022655X $14.95 www.ecwpress.com Think you know all about Harry Potter? Think again, whether you're a parent or a teen fan of the series: Fionna Boyle's examination in A Muggle's Guide To The Wizarding World quite deftly deft?adj. deft��er, deft��estQuick and skillful; adroit. See Synonyms at dexterous.[Middle English, gentle, humble, variant of dafte, foolish; see daft. explores J. K. Rowling's entire fantasy universe, covering all the finer points of the series thus far, examining its characters, creatures and mysticism mysticism(mĭs`tĭsĭzəm)[Gr.,=the practice of those who are initiated into the mysteries], the practice of putting oneself into, and remaining in, direct relation with God, the Absolute, or any unifying principle of life. , and arranging ideas by themes that excel in trivia and gentle encouragement for the reader to think about interpretation possibilities for the series. All five books and all three movies are included in the analysis, offering debates the entire family can enjoy. A Muggle's Guide To The Wizarding World is "must" reading for all Harry Potter fans!

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