Editorial.

Editorial. * Archaeology should combine practical methods, scientifictechniques and a good dose of ideas if it is to achieve its proper aim-- the description and interpretation of the human past. How the balanceof these all too easily separated components is determined has longexercised our discipline. Over the years, the statutory bodies likeEnglish Heritage English Heritage is a non-departmental public body of the United Kingdom government (Department for Culture, Media and Sport) with a broad remit of managing the historic environment of England. It was set up under the terms of the National Heritage Act 1983. , the funding councils, specialist societies and,indeed, even the university departments have colluded in dividing thespecialist branches of archaeological practice into theorists,object-art-technology specialists, scientist-technicians and fieldarchaeologists. Such divisions cannot be healthy for a small discipline,which ultimately has one concern -- the discovery and understanding ofour past -- achieved by whatever means are available to do this. Doubtless, examples from most countries can be found to demonstratethis unwelcome intellectual and practical fragmentation, but here wewish to discuss the recent changes seen in English Heritage. Before1985, `state' archaeology in Britain was attached to the CivilService via the Department of the Environment and the regional Offices(Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish), and Inspectors of AncientMonuments and support staff provided a specialist group for Archaeologyand Historic Buildings. Since the formation of English Heritage,Historic Scotland Historic Scotland is an executive agency of the Scottish Executive, responsible for historic monuments in Scotland.Its website states: "Historic Scotland was created as an agency in 1991 and was attached to the Scottish Executive Education Department, which and Cadw, there have been massive structural changesin the way that the `heritage' has been organized, funded, and howspecialist staff have been deployed. English Heritage, especially, hasbeen redesigned on several occasions in the last 15 years, as newstructures to provide regional cover have been put into operation. Thereare many branches of archaeologists, even within English Heritage, thoseresponsible for statutory advice on Scheduled Ancient Monuments, in themanagement and interpretation of Guardianship sites, in Education, inthe Ancient Monuments Laboratory, in policy and curation, and in thepractical matters of excavation, survey and publication. As we reported last year, the Royal Commission on HistoricalMonuments for England has been wound up and amalgamated a��mal��ga��mate?v. a��mal��ga��mat��ed, a��mal��ga��mat��ing, a��mal��ga��matesv.tr.1. To combine into a unified or integrated whole; unite. See Synonyms at mix.2. with EnglishHeritage, and its activities and many of its staff combined with therathi\ different culture of the government organization. This has nothappened in the other countries of Britain, but has been pushed ahead inEngland, ostensibly os��ten��si��ble?adj.Represented or appearing as such; ostensive: His ostensible purpose was charity, but his real goal was popularity. because it was perceived that the two bodies wereachieving similar goals (the recording and presentation of archaeologyand historic buildings) and might as well become one. Thus two verydifferent: communities have come together, and much must be done tointegrate them successfully into a new type of organization. Alongsidethis has come regionalization regionalizationManaged care The subdivision of a broadly available service–eg, a blood bank, into quasi-autonomous regional centers, capable of making decisions and providing more cost-effective and/or faster service to hospitals and health care facilities, , in tandem Adv. 1. in tandem - one behind the other; "ride tandem on a bicycle built for two"; "riding horses down the path in tandem"tandem with government initiatives toimpose regional government and identity across the different areas ofEngland (and more broadly, the British Isles British Isles:see Great Britain; Ireland. ). New regional offices havebeen opened and staff formerly located in central London The term Central London refers to the districts of London which are considered closest to the centre. There is no such conventional definition, nor any official one, for the entire area that can be called "central London". are now out inthe provinces in teams covering archaeology, monuments, buildings andplanning. The `centre' at the aptly named Fortress House has beendismembered even further, with the aim of building up a new archaeologycentre at Portsmouth in the imposing remains of an 18th-19th -centurycoastal fortress -- Fort Cumberland Fort Cumberland can refer to: Fort Cumberland (England) Fort Cumberland (Canada) aka Fort Beaus��jour Fort Cumberland (Maryland) . For many years this has been thehome of what was once called the `Central Unit', then the `CentralArchaeological Services' -- a roving and highly effectivespecialist archaeological unit which has provided the practical meansfor English Heritage to exercise its statutory duties in rescue work,research excavation, evaluations and post-excavation. Now under the newtitle of Centre for Archaeology (CFA) a new addition includes theAncient Monuments Laboratory, which has developed as a major research,monitoring and advisory resource covering archaeology across England. Ithas specialist staff to deal with conservation, materials andtechnology, archaeozoology, archaeobotany and all areas of environmentalarchaeology, curation and artefact See artifact. studies and information systems.Combined with the expertise of the archaeologists from the field unit inone spacious, if isolated, site, the possibilities for consolidation ofresearch and development amongst this impressive pool of expertise seemto be excellent. Not everyone may be pleased to be placed on the edge ofPortsmouth, far from the perceived intellectual and political centre inLondon, but there are undoubted advantages, and the local universitiesof Portsmouth and Southampton have already joined forces for combinedseminars and discussion. Above all, space is there in plenty, awaitingappropriate repair and conversion from military monument to archaeologycentre. Conversion of the former military garage has provided theopportunity to create some splendid new laboratories, which areinfinitely better than the cramped conditions on the top floor ofFortress House. Light, airy, flexible spaces, fitted with purpose-madeequipment and benches now offer an environment that can adapt to thechanging priorities of technical analysis and research. There is muchenlarged storage for sensitive materials like wood, and climate controlenables the scanning electron microscope scan��ning electron microscopen. Abbr. SEMAn electron microscope that forms a three-dimensional image on a cathode-ray tube by moving a beam of focused electrons across an object and reading both the electrons scattered by the object and to work much better thanbefore. Our visit in March followed hard on the heels of the main officemove to Fort Cumberland, but already much is unpacked and in use. Overthe next few months, the `lab' will be operating fully, and willprovide an unparalleled resource, matched only, perhaps, by the BritishMuseum British Museum,the national repository in London for treasures in science and art. Located in the Bloomsbury section of the city, it has departments of antiquities, prints and drawings, coins and medals, and ethnography. and similar institutions. The importance of combining thepractical operators of archaeology with the scientists and technicansoffers an opportunity for the cross-fertilization of ideas, and morerapid and more integrated intellectual impact on the wider community.The future management and direction of these different areas havetraditionally been under the direction of two different panels ofEnglish Heritage, the Ancient Monuments Advisory Committee for thearchaeologists and the Science and Conservation Panel for thelaboratory, but these will have to be more closely aligned on commonprojects and research. This recombination recombination,process of "shuffling" of genes by which new combinations can be generated. In recombination through sexual reproduction, the offspring's complete set of genes differs from that of either parent, being rather a combination of genes from both parents. of two basic: and essentialareas of archaeology is perhaps what should be seen elsewhere as well.The funding councils divide archaeology, the universities often do, andas suggested above, archaeology has suffered badly from thisfragmentation of its component parts. The new Centre for Archaeologyclearly has the intention of working closely with archaeological units,universities and the English Heritage staff in the regions, providing abetter focus for research and practical implementation. * In this issue, we have a number of `responses' to materialpublished in Antiquity. One response is from the Arts & HumanitiesResearch Board, which was criticized last year for the way that researchfunding Research funding is a term generally covering any funding for scientific research, in the areas of both "hard" science and technology and social science. The term often connotes funding obtained through a competitive process, in which potential research projects are evaluated and in archaeology was distributed. The AHRB AHRB Arts and Humanities Research Board want to make theirposition clear, but in our opinion fail to address the main issue weraised in our Editorial that the great tradition of British fieldarchaeology, particularly abroad, is now under severe financialpressure. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, a field archaeologistneeded either to be personally wealthy or to secure a great sponsor. Inthe early 21st century, a field archaeologist will need to pursue thesame strategy, albeit that the AHRB might be one of those sponsors. Itwill no longer be possible to put together a portfolio of financialsupport (complementary to that provided by the local community) sincethe intermediate level of funding between 5000 [pounds sterling] and20,000 [pounds sterling] is now almost entirely elusive, and the higherlevels of funding are understandably available only to a few. The AHRBshould know full well that QR funding (research funding for theuniversities) has been so much eroded that it cannot provide thealternative support suggested. It is, therefore, ironic that some of thelargest AHRB history grants should have been given in support of publicinstitutions like the Public Record Office, which by the same countshould have sufficient resources to fund their own research. In suchcases, new money is simply money which should come directly from thegovernment to cover its responsibilities in libraries, archives andmuseums. In other cases of the current funding regime, new money onlycovers immediate expenses and not the long-term running costs running costsnpl [of business] → gastos mpl corrientes[of car] → gastos mpl de mantenimientorunning costsnpl [of business . Thesuccessful voluntary tax of the lottery has helped create the new GreatCourt structure which was once the British Library British Library,national library of Great Britain, located in London. Long a part of the British Museum, the library collection originated in 1753 when the government purchased the Harleian Library, the library of Sir Robert Bruce Cotton, and groups of manuscripts. at the BritishMuseum. However, no new money is being provided to cover the runningcosts of curation of these new display spaces. Redundancies amongresearch staff are an unavoidable consequence unless the funding regimeis changed. We will make further points in a debate which we will continue tomonitor. However, for the moment we have preferred to invite additionalcomments from others in the field, showing what a lively issue is thematter of money and research! It is an issue that all relatively new andemerging disciplines will need to fight, in order to maintain theirposition with respect to large and old disciplines. * Stonehenge often makes a justifiable appearance in ANTIQUITY andthis year is no exception. This contribution provides an importantupdate on the position of the monument and its future management, and iswritten by one well qualified to provide such comment, having himselfbeen instrumental in persisting with pressure on government andofficialdom. We are pleased to publish Professor WAINWRIGHT'Saccount of the current state of affairs at our national icon. We shallwish to open the debate of Stonehenge later on, because there is stillmuch disagreement about how best to secure the appropriate landscape andaccess to the site. Please contact the Editors if you wish to comment. * Japan has a similar geographical position with respect to acontinental land mass as the United Kingdom. One of us (SS) recently hadthe opportunity to visit Japan on the occasion of a conference whichcompared agricultural and complex societies in Asia, including the Yayoiperiod This article is about the Yayoi period in Japanese history. For other uses, see Yayoi (disambiguation). The Yayoi period (弥生時代 in Japan and the British Iron Age In the British Isles, the Iron Age lasted from about the 7th century BC until the Roman conquest and until the 5th century in non-Romanised parts. This period is also called the era of Celtic Britain<ref name=>Celtic Britain (The Iron Age) c. . This conference showed aneagerness by a significant group of Japanese scholars to break downbarriers of language and culture and work with their wealth ofarchaeological data in a broader theoretical context. In this context, we have invited SIMON Simon,in the Bible.1 One of the Maccabees.2 or Simon Peter: see Peter, Saint.3 See Simon, Saint.4 Kinsman of Jesus.5 Leper of Bethany in whose house a woman anointed Jesus' feet. KANER to join us in makingsome observations about the two ends of Asia. We report on thesediscoveries in some detail, not only because of their intrinsicinterest, but also because of the power of `100% sampling'. Thecurrent regime in the United Kingdom is financial, which records asample of what is to be destroyed. We consider sampling schemes to bevery important in introducing rigour rig��our?n. Chiefly BritishVariant of rigor.rigouror US rigorNoun1. into archaeological investigation,particularly in the recovery of palaeoenvironmental and palaeoeconomicinformation; but we have yet to witness a sampling scheme which canreconstruct many of the complexities of archaeological evidence. Thespatial development of complex society in the Valleys of Mexico andOaxaca would not be known at an appropriate scale if the surveyors hademployed transects or probabilistic sampling. The sites which areconstantly revisited are Glastonbury Lake Village and Skara Brae, whichnot only had good preservation but also extensive excavation, eventhough both were dug in the first part of the 20th century. Theaspirations of the excavator ex��ca��va��torn.An instrument, such as a sharp spoon or curette, used in scraping out pathological tissue.excavator (eks´k of Iron Age Danebury hillfort in Wessextowards an extensive sample have also raised similar questions in recentdecades. This debate is particularly important in the light of a recentreview article on Japanese archaeology by Barnes & Okita (1999)which recommends sampling as a solution to many of the current financialconcerns of Japanese archaeology. These authors point out the curationproblem created by a 100% collection strategy and the attempts by theAgency for Cultural Affairs The Agency for Cultural Affairs (文化庁,bunkachō in Japan to produce in February 1997 adocument on the Management of Artefacts. We would equally like to pointout that the disconnected sampling quadrats created by the samplingstrategies of contract archaeology in the United States and rescuearchaeology in the United Kingdom will require many a grant (AHRB ?) tosort out in the coming millennium. The Japanese discoveries below show apositive result of this `100% sample': a rich array of meticulouslycollected information. We all sample when we excavate. The challenge isto maintain that appropriate hierarchy of scales to understand both thewider picture of a Jomon midden middendungheap. or a Danebury hillfort, and theintricate detail of a selectively sampled array of ecofacts, where onlya limited number of scholars will ever be available to make thenecessary analyses and interpretations. Despite continuing relative economic difficulties over the past fewyears, Japan continues to produce surprising archaeological discoveries.These are regularly reported in an annual, well-attended, travellingexhibition of fresh archaeological finds. The most recent, `The JapaneseArchipelago Excavated `99', was sponsored by Asahi Newspapers, oneof Japan's largest media groups. The exhibition travelled all roundJapan, starting in the stylish Tokyo Metropolitan Edo Tokyo Museum,visiting seven venues in eight months. Highlights from the Palaeolithicinclude some concrete evidence for the mobility of hunting groups in theform of three refitting flakes from the sites of Nakajimayama in MiyagiPrefecture on the Pacific coast and Sodehara 3 in Yamagata Prefecture onthe Japan Sea side of the Dewa Mountain range. Dated usingtephrachronology, the two sites are thought to pre-date 100,000 yearsold, making this the oldest discovery of refitting from Japan. The siteswere investigated as part of the on-going Palaeolithic research projectin northeastern Japan, which a couple of years ago demonstrated that theJapanese Palaeolithic dates back to perhaps 700,000 years ago at sitessuch as Kamitakamori. At Kamitakamori one of the most remarkable findswere three pits, containing what appeared to be carefully depositedcaches of stone tools. European archaeologists, used to the concept ofpolished and ground stone tools appearing in the Neolithic, may besurprised by the edge-ground stone axes from the Hachimori site inYamagata Prefecture. Edge-ground stone tools are known from c. 20,000years ago in Japan, and early examples are also known from Papua NewGuinea Papua New Guinea(păp`ə, –y . The example from Hachimori dates to about 13,000 years ago andwas found in association with a spear-head bearing traces of bitumen bitumen(bĭty`mən)a generic term referring to flammable, brown or black mixtures of tarlike hydrocarbons, derived naturally or by distillation from petroleum. used for hafting Hafting is a process by which an artifact, often bone, metal, or stone, is attached to a handle or strap. This makes the artifact more useful by allowing it to be fired (as in the case of an arrowhead), thrown (as a spear), or leveraged more effectively (as an axe or adze). . The image of the long Jomon period (c. 12,000 BP-c. 300 BC) isundergoing a major overhaul. In the last volume of ANTIQUITY wepublished a paper by Junko Habu which mentioned the large site of SannaiMaruyama on the northern tip of Honshu in Aomori Prefecture. SannaiMaruyama extends over 35 hectares, and to date over 600 of an estimated1000 buildings have been investigated. The excavations started life as arescue project in advance of the construction of a new prefectural pre��fec��ture?n.1. The district administered or governed by a prefect.2. The office or authority of a prefect.3. The residence or housing of a prefect. baseball stadium. The scale of the discoveries led to a public outcryand a movement to preserve the remains in a historical park, where someof the buildings have now been reconstructed. The site was occupied forover 1500 years, according to the pottery chronology. The exhibitioncontained two clay figurines in the shape of bears -- the smaller of thetwo was only 6.5 cm long. Excavations have continued since, and now a `stone circle' hasbeen identified associated with the settlement. There are no truemegalithic meg��a��lith?n.A very large stone used in various prehistoric architectures or monumental styles, notably in western Europe during the second millennium b.c. stone circles from the Jomon, but rather arrangements oflarge river cobbles cob��ble?1?n.1. A cobblestone.2. Geology A rock fragment between 64 and 256 millimeters in diameter, especially one that has been naturally rounded.3. cobbles See cob coal.tr. and blocks of stones, marking out circles, platformsor alignments. The most famous of the Jomon stone circles is that at Oyuin Akita Prefecture, a short distance to the south of Aomori, where,amid the apple orchards there are two circular stone arrangements,including possible `sundial' monuments. Another example has beenrecently found at Achiyadaira. Kobayashi Tatsuo of Kokugakuin Universityin Tokyo has recently been undertaking research into the astronomicalsignificance of these monuments. A road divides the Oyu site in two andJapanese archaeologists are very interested in the plans for Stonehenge.Plans are afoot to include Oyu and another large stone alignment atKomakino, close to Aomori, in a bid for World Heritage Site status.Although the remains of many buildings have been excavated on Jomonsites, there is little direct evidence for their upper structure,although preserved architectural timbers were discovered at thewaterlogged site of Sakuraimachi in Toyama Prefecture a couple of yearsago. Clearly showing mortice-and-tenon joints, Sakuraimachi is testimonyto Jomon architectural expertise that would be the envy of Flag Fen.Later designs on bronze mirrors from the Yayoi period and haniwa tombfigures from the Kofun period show what buildings looked like in theprotohistoric period, and reconstructions have been made on this basis,but the remarkable tufa model of an apparently hipped and gabled housefrom Sakae 1 in Hokkaido is unprecedented. Waterlogged sites from theJomon have also produced remarkably preserved lacquered vessels andthere were examples from Takasaki Jouhoudanchi II in Gunma Prefectureand the Itoku site cluster in Kochi Prefecture, much further to thewest, as well as from Akita. Another Jomon site in the exhibition wasthe Shimooda shell midden in Chiba Prefecture, just north of Tokyo. Alarge cemetery had been investigated which demonstrated changing burialcustoms over a number of phases. Some of the grave goods were verystriking, including a set of wild boar tusk pendants and armlets. Rice agriculture arrived in the later half of the 1st millenniumBC. The Yayoi period also saw the appearance of metallurgy, both bronzeand iron working. The large cemetery at Hirakubo Moroni in FukushimaPrefecture, in eastern Japan, is evidence for the great social changesthat rice agriculture brought about -- over 300 graves. Jomon pottery isusually much more decorated than Yayoi pottery, but the Joutou site inOkayama Prefecture has produced an exquisite small vessel bearing aseries of incised panels representing faces. The Yayoi is often regardedas seeing the first evidence for organized warfare in the archipelagoand the wooden remains of a crossbow from the Himebara Nishi site inShimane Prefecture add to this picture. This contrasts with the lack ofportrayal of war (particularly the Second World War) in the NationalMusuem of History 1999 was clearly also a vintage year for the investigation of thegreat mounded tombs of the Kofun period (c. 300-700 AD). Bronze mirrorsfrom the Kurozuka tomb, Nara Prefecture are testimony to links betweenthe early Yamato elite and Chinese emperors, while the famous TsubaiOtsukayama tomb was also further investigated. The many bronze mirrorsfrom this tomb formed the basis for Kobayashi Yukio'sground-breaking study of alliance networks in Japan at the time of theformation of the earliest states. The study of imperial tombs hastraditionally been under the control of the Imperial Household Agency The Imperial Household Agency (宮内庁,Kunaichō ,who have produced a received version of the genealogical chronologies;however, such are the methodological problems of combining history andmaterial culture, it is unlikely that much would be altered by freeaccess. Many of these tombs have been very well preserved and show astraces in the field patterns. In Gumma Gumma(gm`mä), prefecture (1990 pop. 1,966,287), 2,446 sq mi (6,335 sq km), central Honshu, Japan. Maebashi is the capital; other important cities are Isezaki, Kiryu, and Takasaki. Prefecture an exceptionally wellpreserved example at Asada 3 was investigated, protected beneath thesame thick volcanic covering that has preserved whole villages andfieldsystems from the 6th century AD -- the Pompeii of Japan. Many of these discoveries are the product of considerable financefrom a buoyant economy. In the relative crisis of the Japanese economy,100% sampling cannot be sustained. Archaeological organizations arehaving to lay off staff for the first time in their histories, and someare faced with closure. There are problems with not being able properlyto assess what is being dug up in the rush to get reports published.Many archaeological organizations directly funded by national government(National Universities, National Museums, National ArchaeologicalResearch Centres) are now being turned into `agencies'. The veryEnglish Heritage which opened this Editorial is being employed as amodel. Perhaps we can advise the Japanese that their previous strategyhad advantages, provided the finance is secure. In 1997, approximately660 million [pounds sterling] were spent on 35,366 archaeologicalinvestigations of all types, falling under the impact of recession from41,000 investigations in 1996. The means of securing that finance is to make sure that there isstrong public support behind archaeology. One approach avidly followedin Japan is the presentation of the results to the public. Modernmuseums employ extensive dioramas and other forms of reconstruction ofthe past. Jomon pottery is reconstructed experimentally in activitieswhich engage with the general public. There is some concern thatsponsorship by newspapers (e.g. Asahi) may lead to a control ofinterpretation. There is further concern that too many museums may leadto a decline in public participation. The primary concern must, however,be that the prosperity of the Japanese economy be sufficient to sustainwhat may ultimately be considered a luxury, when there is a tent villageof the unemployed in the woods opposite the main national museum inTokyo. Reference Barnes, G. & M. Okita. 1999. Japanese archaeology in the 1990s,Journal of Archaeological Research 7(4): 349-95. * In this issue of ANTIQUITY, we publish an interim report on a newinterdisciplinary project inspired by the work of the late TIMOTHYPOTTER. The list of authors deliberately -- and uniquely in ANTIQUITY --sounds like a nuclear physics report in Nature, because this initiativeis a conscious attempt to bring scholars together in a coalition ofideas and interests centred around the study of urbanism along the Tibercorridor. This is partly a product of AHRB times. Large, well-fundedprojects have inherent advantages in providing proper infrastructure.However, the aim is also to provide a common forum for the exchange ofideas, for which the British School at Rome The British School at Rome was established in 1901 and granted a Royal Charter in 1912 as an educational institute culminating the study of awarded British scholars in the fields of archaeology, literature, music, and history of Rome and Italy of every period, and for the study of provides the focus, andproves that the British Schools abroad have considerable worth in thispost colonial world of European integration. All this is a tribute to the work of TIMOTHY POTTER, Keeper ofPrehistoric and Romano-British Antiquities at the British Museum, whodied on 11 January at the early age of 55. Tim Potter managed to combineresearch in both north and south Europe, from the prehistoric to themedieval period He had the ability to write effective analyticalnarratives of the past both in stimulating lectures and in masterlywritten syntheses of the East Anglian fens, Algeria and South Etruria.He was a keeper of Romano-British Antiquities, but his fieldwork andinternational interests drew him away from narrow concerns with museumartefacts and, like all greater curators, he placed his artefacts in abroad interpretative context. To our knowledge, there is only one fieldproject he never published and that is his Ager Faliscus survey in SouthEtruria. This lack of publication is also a tribute to his generosity,because he handed it on to others to complete and through hischairmanship of the Tiber Valley Project The British School at Rome’s Tiber Valley Project studies the changing landscapes of the middle Tiber Valley as the hinterland of Rome through two millennia. It draws on the vast amount of archaeological work carried out in this area to examine the impact of the growth, enthused others to speed aheadwith new dating, new fieldwork and new computerized analyses. Itscompletion will be one of his many important continuing legacies. * We printed a mistype in March `Glyn Daniel ... chaired the verypopular Anglia TV programme' should read `He chaired the verypopular BBC BBCin full British Broadcasting Corp.Publicly financed broadcasting system in Britain. A private company at its founding in 1922, it was replaced by a public corporation under royal charter in 1927. TV programme "Animal, Vegetable, Mineral", whichincluded amongst its guests such popularizers of archaeology as MortimerWheeler and Stuart Piggott. Daniel then became a director of the newAnglia TV channel, further promoting archaeology in the media.' * Ruth Daniel (5 July 1915-4 April 2000) We are very sad toannounce the death of RUTH DANIEL (5 July 1915-4 April 2000), for 30years (1958-1986) the Production Editor of ANTIQUITY alongside herhusband Glyn Daniel as Editor. Not only did she ensure the accuracy andhigh standards that characterized the journal, but also the rapidturnover and efficient production of a regular journal produced at atime of traditional printing anti postage. Glyn and she made up a quiteremarkable team, he providing the humorous, wide-ranging and perceptiveeditorship that so characterized his term as Editor, and she thequality, detail and efficiency of a truly professional productioneditor. Long after she retired from ANTIQUITY, Ruth continued toproof-read books and papers for colleagues and publishing houses -- suchwork in many ways was a vital part of her life, indeed, it might besuggested that Ruth played the key role in making ANTIQUITY what it wasand is, she made it happen and over 30 years! Ruth was a scholar in herown right, a Geography graduate of St Anne's College, Oxford, adevoted musician and life-long supporter of St John's College Choirat Cambridge. She was also a talented and keen cricketer andcalligrapher. As a Trustee of ANTIQUITY, and a great supporter of therecent Editors and Production Editor, she will be sorely missed. Thereis a memorial fund to Glyn and Ruth Daniel for the support of graduateresearch in archaeology (or music) at St John's College, and ifreaders would like to contribute towards this enduring memorial, pleasewrite to the Senior Bursar bur��sar?n.An official in charge of funds, as at a college or university; a treasurer.[Middle English burser, from Medieval Latin burs , St John's College, Cambridge. * Archaeology faces fragmentation everywhere -- too manyspecialized areas, too many professionals. Our Reviews Editor, NICHOLASJAMES represented ANTIQUITY at the April 2000 meeting of the Society ofAmerican Archaeology in Philadelphia, and reports as follows: The Society for American Archaeology The Society for American Archaeology (SAA) is the largest organization of professional archaeologists of the Americas in the world. The Society was founded in 1934 and today has over 7000 members. in 2000 Some 3000 archaeologists and more than 1500 short papers and posterpresentations made up the 65th annual meeting of the Society forAmerican Archaeology in Philadelphia from 5 to 9 April. It is theworld's biggest archaeological society; and, together, its membershave an immense effect on archaeology all around the world. Yet, for afew years, now, they have been concerned about the Society's focus. Some 39% of all the papers and `posters' were on NorthAmerica, about 31% on work in Latin America, about 21% on work elsewhere-- drawing many contributors from Europe -- and about 5% were devotedmainly to method and theory. Up to 18 running at once, most sessionscomprised presentations assembled more or less coherently by theorganizers; but several symposia and workshops were focused more tightlyon theory, method and technique, and on particular sites or districts.Among the latter were sessions on rescue work in New Jersey andWashington State, on research at Cactus Hill, Hell Gap, Watson Brake andHickory Bluff, in the USA, in Belize and Yucatan, on Copan, Honduras, atConchopata, Bolivia, at the Marshall's Pen plantation, Jamaica, atPompeii, and at Al Basra, Morocco. There were three sessions on Chinaand one on Medieval Ireland. Symposia were held in honour of K.C. Chang,R.S. MacNeish, R.L. Hall, T.P. Culbert, L.G. Freeman, W.L. Rathje andthe late George Hasemann. The annual meeting is also the occasion forother meetings, before, during and afterward, mostly concerned withprofessional affairs. Two main issues for the Society are the balance between theacademics and their colleagues in `public' and `contract'archaeology and the balance between work in North America and researchfurther afield. The issues are not unrelated. It is 25 years since theSociety decided to establish a Register of Professional Archaeologists(ANTIQUITY 50 (1976): 230); but some now worry about divergence ofinterest and ethos at its annual conference. A forum on publicationbrought forth strongly felt responses to the Society's proposal forsuspending Latin American Antiquity. This journal was launched 10 yearsago in order to cope with the increasing volume of papers on researchbeyond the Rio Grande; but it has come to be regarded as a poor -- lesswidely distributed -- cousin to the established American Antiquity. Theproposal now is to bring Latin America back under the latter'spurview The part of a statute or a law that delineates its purpose and scope.Purview refers to the enacting part of a statute. It generally begins with the words be it enacted and continues as far as the repealing clause. next January, and to publish six times a year, taking the totalvolume of the journal up to the equivalent of the two together. `Acombined journal', urged the proposal, `could help bringarchaeologists together ... at a time when we face increasing commonthreats to the archaeological record'. Dissemination and education was the theme of five sessions. TheSociety's Public Education Committee sponsored one, organized by J.Carman Car´mann. 1. A man whose employment is to drive, or to convey goods in, a car or car. et al., which included, among others, contributions from theeditor of Current Archaeology, from P.M. Messenger on the Science Museumof Minnesota's `multivocal' `Window on Catalhoyuk', andfrom C. McDavid on visitors' participation at the JordanPlantation. There were suggestions that professionalism tends to dividearchaeologists from their lay audience. The same Committee alsosponsored a symposium on `mixing student training, research, and publiceducation'. The address by Bruce Babbitt, Secretary of the Interior, on the USgovernment's recent achievements in archaeological preservation --notably in parks -- was well received. At the same session, the Societypresented its awards, including to `Scotty' MacNeish for `more thana half-century of excellence in interdisciplinary research', toWilliam Lipe for his work in `public archaeology' and education aswell as research and teaching, to George Stuart (National GeographicSociety) for `public education' and to Clive Gamble for his book,The Palaeolithic societies of Europe. Another highlight was the silentauction in aid of the Native American Scholarship Fund. ANTIQUITYencourages readers to donate craftwork craft��work?n.Work made or done by craftspeople.craftworker n. to next year's. Do let theChair know of offers: Dr Warburton, NAU (1) (Network Access Unit) An interface card that adapts a computer to a local area network.(2) (Network Addressable Unit) An SNA component that can be referenced by name and address, which includes the SSCP, LU and PU. , Navajo Nation Archaeology, BRC BRC Black Rock City (Burning Man)BRC British Retail ConsortiumBRC Business Resource Center (Small Business Administration)BRC Bisexual Resource CenterBRC Black Radical Congress PO Box 6013, Flagstaff Flagstaff,city (1990 pop. 45,857), seat of Coconino co., N Ariz., near the San Francisco Peaks; inc. 1894. Lumbering, ranching, and a lively tourist trade thrive in the region, where many ruined pueblos, numerous state parks, several lakes, and large pine forests AZ 86011, USA. A large party from the conference was invited to the University ofPennslyvania's fine Museum of Archaeology & Anthropology. Thecurators must have been satisfied that the new alarm responded so veryloudly; and they kept an admirably stiff upper lip stiff upper lipn.An attitude of determined endurance or restraint in the face of adversity.Noun 1. stiff upper lip over the explosion,shortly before our visit, of a steam duct in the archive.